An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization

Abstract Archaeological evidence shows that, in the long run, Neolitization (the transition from foraging to food production) was associated with demographic growth. We used two methods (patterns of linkage disequilibrium from whole-genome SNPs and MSMC estimates on genomes) to reconstruct the demog...

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Autores principales:	Michela Leonardi, Guido Barbujani, Andrea Manica
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4e8186cc5bba41d5bf5403413e339a7c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4e8186cc5bba41d5bf5403413e339a7c2021-12-02T11:41:21ZAn earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization10.1038/s41598-017-03717-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4e8186cc5bba41d5bf5403413e339a7c2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03717-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Archaeological evidence shows that, in the long run, Neolitization (the transition from foraging to food production) was associated with demographic growth. We used two methods (patterns of linkage disequilibrium from whole-genome SNPs and MSMC estimates on genomes) to reconstruct the demographic profiles for respectively 64 and 24 modern-day populations with contrasting lifestyles across the Old World (sub-Saharan Africa, south-eastern Asia, Siberia). Surprisingly, in all regions, food producers had larger effective population sizes (Ne) than foragers already 20 k years ago, well before the Neolithic revolution. As expected, this difference further increased ~12–10 k years ago, around or just before the onset of food production. Using paleoclimate reconstructions, we show that the early difference in Ne cannot be explained by food producers inhabiting more favorable regions. A number of mechanisms, including ancestral differences in census size, sedentism, exploitation of the natural resources, social stratification or connectivity between groups, might have led to the early differences in Ne detected in our analyses. Irrespective of the specific mechanisms involved, our results provide further evidence that long term cultural differences among populations of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers are likely to have played an important role in the later Neolithization process.Michela LeonardiGuido BarbujaniAndrea ManicaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michela Leonardi Guido Barbujani Andrea Manica An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization
description	Abstract Archaeological evidence shows that, in the long run, Neolitization (the transition from foraging to food production) was associated with demographic growth. We used two methods (patterns of linkage disequilibrium from whole-genome SNPs and MSMC estimates on genomes) to reconstruct the demographic profiles for respectively 64 and 24 modern-day populations with contrasting lifestyles across the Old World (sub-Saharan Africa, south-eastern Asia, Siberia). Surprisingly, in all regions, food producers had larger effective population sizes (Ne) than foragers already 20 k years ago, well before the Neolithic revolution. As expected, this difference further increased ~12–10 k years ago, around or just before the onset of food production. Using paleoclimate reconstructions, we show that the early difference in Ne cannot be explained by food producers inhabiting more favorable regions. A number of mechanisms, including ancestral differences in census size, sedentism, exploitation of the natural resources, social stratification or connectivity between groups, might have led to the early differences in Ne detected in our analyses. Irrespective of the specific mechanisms involved, our results provide further evidence that long term cultural differences among populations of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers are likely to have played an important role in the later Neolithization process.
format	article
author	Michela Leonardi Guido Barbujani Andrea Manica
author_facet	Michela Leonardi Guido Barbujani Andrea Manica
author_sort	Michela Leonardi
title	An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization
title_short	An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization
title_full	An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization
title_fullStr	An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization
title_full_unstemmed	An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization
title_sort	earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to neolithization
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/4e8186cc5bba41d5bf5403413e339a7c
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An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization

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