Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics

Digital microfluidic (DMF) has been a unique tool for manipulating micro-droplets with high flexibility and accuracy. To extend the application of DMF for automatic and in-site detection, it is promising to introduce colorimetric sensing based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which have advantages inc...

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Autores principales:	Zhen Gu, Jing-Jing Luo, Le-Wei Ding, Bing-Yong Yan, Jia-Le Zhou, Jun-Gang Wang, Hui-Feng Wang, Cong Kong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	digital microfluidic gold nanoparticle electrowetting colorimetric sensing analytical instrument Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4e8be24db01348bba85a11a2d746d0da
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:4e8be24db01348bba85a11a2d746d0da
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4e8be24db01348bba85a11a2d746d0da2021-11-25T18:23:53ZColorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics10.3390/mi121114232072-666Xhttps://doaj.org/article/4e8be24db01348bba85a11a2d746d0da2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/11/1423https://doaj.org/toc/2072-666XDigital microfluidic (DMF) has been a unique tool for manipulating micro-droplets with high flexibility and accuracy. To extend the application of DMF for automatic and in-site detection, it is promising to introduce colorimetric sensing based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which have advantages including high sensitivity, label-free, biocompatibility, and easy surface modification. However, there is still a lack of studies for investigating the movement and stability of AuNPs for in-site detection on the electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Herein, to demonstrate the ability of DMF for colorimetric sensing with AuNPs, we investigated the electrowetting property of the AuNPs droplets on the hydrophobic interface of the DMF chip and examined the stability of the AuNPs on DMF as well as the influence of evaporation to the colorimetric sensing. As a result, we found that the electrowetting of AuNPs fits to a modified Young–Lippmann equation, which suggests that a higher voltage is required to actuate AuNPs droplets compared with actuating water droplets. Moreover, the stability of AuNPs was maintained during the processing of electrowetting. We also proved that the evaporation of droplets has a limited influence on the detections that last several minutes. Finally, a model experiment for the detection of Hg<sup>2+</sup> was carried out with similar results to the detections in bulk solution. The proposed method can be further extended to a wide range of AuNPs-based detection for label-free, automatic, and low-cost detection of small molecules, biomarkers, and metal ions.Zhen GuJing-Jing LuoLe-Wei DingBing-Yong YanJia-Le ZhouJun-Gang WangHui-Feng WangCong KongMDPI AGarticledigital microfluidicgold nanoparticleelectrowettingcolorimetric sensinganalytical instrumentMechanical engineering and machineryTJ1-1570ENMicromachines, Vol 12, Iss 1423, p 1423 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	digital microfluidic gold nanoparticle electrowetting colorimetric sensing analytical instrument Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570
spellingShingle	digital microfluidic gold nanoparticle electrowetting colorimetric sensing analytical instrument Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570 Zhen Gu Jing-Jing Luo Le-Wei Ding Bing-Yong Yan Jia-Le Zhou Jun-Gang Wang Hui-Feng Wang Cong Kong Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics
description	Digital microfluidic (DMF) has been a unique tool for manipulating micro-droplets with high flexibility and accuracy. To extend the application of DMF for automatic and in-site detection, it is promising to introduce colorimetric sensing based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which have advantages including high sensitivity, label-free, biocompatibility, and easy surface modification. However, there is still a lack of studies for investigating the movement and stability of AuNPs for in-site detection on the electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Herein, to demonstrate the ability of DMF for colorimetric sensing with AuNPs, we investigated the electrowetting property of the AuNPs droplets on the hydrophobic interface of the DMF chip and examined the stability of the AuNPs on DMF as well as the influence of evaporation to the colorimetric sensing. As a result, we found that the electrowetting of AuNPs fits to a modified Young–Lippmann equation, which suggests that a higher voltage is required to actuate AuNPs droplets compared with actuating water droplets. Moreover, the stability of AuNPs was maintained during the processing of electrowetting. We also proved that the evaporation of droplets has a limited influence on the detections that last several minutes. Finally, a model experiment for the detection of Hg<sup>2+</sup> was carried out with similar results to the detections in bulk solution. The proposed method can be further extended to a wide range of AuNPs-based detection for label-free, automatic, and low-cost detection of small molecules, biomarkers, and metal ions.
format	article
author	Zhen Gu Jing-Jing Luo Le-Wei Ding Bing-Yong Yan Jia-Le Zhou Jun-Gang Wang Hui-Feng Wang Cong Kong
author_facet	Zhen Gu Jing-Jing Luo Le-Wei Ding Bing-Yong Yan Jia-Le Zhou Jun-Gang Wang Hui-Feng Wang Cong Kong
author_sort	Zhen Gu
title	Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics
title_short	Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics
title_full	Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics
title_fullStr	Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics
title_full_unstemmed	Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics
title_sort	colorimetric sensing with gold nanoparticles on electrowetting-based digital microfluidics
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4e8be24db01348bba85a11a2d746d0da
work_keys_str_mv	AT zhengu colorimetricsensingwithgoldnanoparticlesonelectrowettingbaseddigitalmicrofluidics AT jingjingluo colorimetricsensingwithgoldnanoparticlesonelectrowettingbaseddigitalmicrofluidics AT leweiding colorimetricsensingwithgoldnanoparticlesonelectrowettingbaseddigitalmicrofluidics AT bingyongyan colorimetricsensingwithgoldnanoparticlesonelectrowettingbaseddigitalmicrofluidics AT jialezhou colorimetricsensingwithgoldnanoparticlesonelectrowettingbaseddigitalmicrofluidics AT jungangwang colorimetricsensingwithgoldnanoparticlesonelectrowettingbaseddigitalmicrofluidics AT huifengwang colorimetricsensingwithgoldnanoparticlesonelectrowettingbaseddigitalmicrofluidics AT congkong colorimetricsensingwithgoldnanoparticlesonelectrowettingbaseddigitalmicrofluidics
_version_	1718411193668861952

Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics

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