Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond

Temperate phages play important roles in bacterial communities but have been largely overlooked, particularly in non-pathogenic bacteria. In rhizobia the presence of temperate phages has the potential to have significant ecological impacts but few examples have been described. Here we characterize a...

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Autores principales:	Sam Ford, Sara Moeskjær, Peter Young, Rosa I. Santamaría, Ellie Harrison
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	prophage temperate phage rhizobia phage ecology phage evolution Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4ea00fa37e1f4e039a67708549fd8441
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:4ea00fa37e1f4e039a67708549fd8441
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4ea00fa37e1f4e039a67708549fd84412021-11-09T17:54:35ZIntroducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.765271https://doaj.org/article/4ea00fa37e1f4e039a67708549fd84412021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.765271/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XTemperate phages play important roles in bacterial communities but have been largely overlooked, particularly in non-pathogenic bacteria. In rhizobia the presence of temperate phages has the potential to have significant ecological impacts but few examples have been described. Here we characterize a novel group of 5 Rhizobium leguminosarum prophages, capable of sustaining infections across a broad host range within their host genus. Genome comparisons identified further putative prophages infecting multiple Rhizobium species isolated globally, revealing a wider family of 10 temperate phages including one previously described lytic phage, RHEph01, which appears to have lost the ability to form lysogens. Phylogenetic discordance between prophage and host phylogenies suggests a history of active mobilization between Rhizobium lineages. Genome comparisons revealed conservation of gene content and order, with the notable exception of an approximately 5 kb region of hypervariability, containing almost exclusively hypothetical genes. Additionally, several horizontally acquired genes are present across the group, including a putative antirepressor present only in the RHEph01 genome, which may explain its apparent inability to form lysogens. In summary, both phenotypic and genomic comparisons between members of this group of phages reveals a clade of viruses with a long history of mobilization within and between Rhizobium species.Sam FordSara MoeskjærPeter YoungRosa I. SantamaríaEllie HarrisonFrontiers Media S.A.articleprophagetemperate phagerhizobiaphage ecologyphage evolutionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	prophage temperate phage rhizobia phage ecology phage evolution Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	prophage temperate phage rhizobia phage ecology phage evolution Microbiology QR1-502 Sam Ford Sara Moeskjær Peter Young Rosa I. Santamaría Ellie Harrison Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond
description	Temperate phages play important roles in bacterial communities but have been largely overlooked, particularly in non-pathogenic bacteria. In rhizobia the presence of temperate phages has the potential to have significant ecological impacts but few examples have been described. Here we characterize a novel group of 5 Rhizobium leguminosarum prophages, capable of sustaining infections across a broad host range within their host genus. Genome comparisons identified further putative prophages infecting multiple Rhizobium species isolated globally, revealing a wider family of 10 temperate phages including one previously described lytic phage, RHEph01, which appears to have lost the ability to form lysogens. Phylogenetic discordance between prophage and host phylogenies suggests a history of active mobilization between Rhizobium lineages. Genome comparisons revealed conservation of gene content and order, with the notable exception of an approximately 5 kb region of hypervariability, containing almost exclusively hypothetical genes. Additionally, several horizontally acquired genes are present across the group, including a putative antirepressor present only in the RHEph01 genome, which may explain its apparent inability to form lysogens. In summary, both phenotypic and genomic comparisons between members of this group of phages reveals a clade of viruses with a long history of mobilization within and between Rhizobium species.
format	article
author	Sam Ford Sara Moeskjær Peter Young Rosa I. Santamaría Ellie Harrison
author_facet	Sam Ford Sara Moeskjær Peter Young Rosa I. Santamaría Ellie Harrison
author_sort	Sam Ford
title	Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond
title_short	Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond
title_full	Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond
title_fullStr	Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond
title_full_unstemmed	Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond
title_sort	introducing a novel, broad host range temperate phage family infecting rhizobium leguminosarum and beyond
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4ea00fa37e1f4e039a67708549fd8441
work_keys_str_mv	AT samford introducinganovelbroadhostrangetemperatephagefamilyinfectingrhizobiumleguminosarumandbeyond AT saramoeskjær introducinganovelbroadhostrangetemperatephagefamilyinfectingrhizobiumleguminosarumandbeyond AT peteryoung introducinganovelbroadhostrangetemperatephagefamilyinfectingrhizobiumleguminosarumandbeyond AT rosaisantamaria introducinganovelbroadhostrangetemperatephagefamilyinfectingrhizobiumleguminosarumandbeyond AT ellieharrison introducinganovelbroadhostrangetemperatephagefamilyinfectingrhizobiumleguminosarumandbeyond
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Introducing a Novel, Broad Host Range Temperate Phage Family Infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum and Beyond

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