The Effectiveness of a Period of Brain Gym Exercises on the Balance and Inhibitory Control in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Aging causes physical and cognitive impairment, which in turn, interfere with the aged people’s health. As a common complication in the elderly, cognitive impairment has attracted the attention of many specialists. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of a...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | FA |
| Publicado: |
Razi University
2021
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/4eadd101d7b34f83b66abbffccc91bc7 |
| Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| Sumario: | Aging causes physical and cognitive impairment, which in turn, interfere with the aged people’s health. As a common complication in the elderly, cognitive impairment has attracted the attention of many specialists. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of a period of brain gym exercises on the balance and inhibitory control in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the elderly with mild cognitive impairment living in Urmia, Iran in 2020. The sample included 30 elderly with mild cognitive impairment, aged from 60 to 80 years (77.69±1.98), selected using convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria, and assigned randomly into two groups of experimental and control with 15 members each. To evaluate the balance and inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test, participants were instructed to perform the Mathias et al.’s Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Hoffman’s Go/No Go test. The experimental group were asked to perform three 30-minute sessions of Dennison and Dennison’s brain gym exercises a week for eight weeks. The data were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24. The results indicated that after controlling of the pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of Timed Up and Go and inhibitory control (P=0.001). Based on the findings of the current study, due to the ease of implementation of brain gym exercises, they can be used by sports and rehabilitation Coaches in order to improve the balance and inhibitory control of the elderly with cognitive impairment.ReferencesAbduh, B., & Tahar, M. M. (2018). The effectiveness of brain gym and brain training intervention on working memory performance of student with learning disability. Journal of ICSAR, 2(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.17977/UM005V2I22018P105Akuthota, V., Nadler, S. F. (2004). Core strengthening. Archives of Physical Medicineand Rehabilitation, 85 (3 Suppl1), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.apmr.2003.12.005 Amiri, M., Pourkohan, M., & Bakhshian, F. (2016). The Impact of brain gym on static and dynamic balance in elderly. Aging Psychology, 1(3), 201-211. [Persian]Ayán, C., Sánchez-Lastra, M. A., Cabanelas, P., & Cancela, J. M. (2017). Effects of brain gym® exercises in institutionalized older adults with cognitive impairment. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física yel Deporte, 18(72), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2018.72.011Baars, B.J., & Gage, N. M. (2010). Cognition, brain, and consciousness. Introduction to cognitive neuroscience. Imprint: academic press, 128-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0 01556-6Ballesteros, S., Mayas, J., Prieto, A., Ruiz- Marquez, E., Toril, P., & Reales, J. M. (2017). Effects of video game training on measures of selective attention and working memory in older adults: results from a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 9(354), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00354 Bandeen-Roche, K., Seplaki, C. L., Huang, J., Buta, B., Kalyani, R. R., Varadhan, R., Xue, Q. L., Walston , J. D., & Kasper, J. D. (2015). Frailty in older adults: a nationally representative profile in the United States. frailty in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70(11), 1427-1434. https://doi/10.1093/gerona/glv133Barry, E., Galvin, R., Keogh, C., Horgan, F., & Fahey, T. (2014). Is the timed up and go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BioMed Central, 1(14), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-14-14Brain Gym® International Website. (2008). http://www.braingym.org.Brown, K. (2012). Educate your brain: use mind- bady balance to learn faster, work smarter, and move more easily though life. Balance Point Publishing LLc Phoenix, Arizona.Cancela, J. M., Vila Suárez, M. H., Vasconcelos, J., Lima, A., & Ayán, C. (2015). Efficacy of brain gym training on the cognitive performance and fitness level of active older adults: a preliminary study. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 23(4), 653-658. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2014-0044Cancela, J. M. Malvido, D. Pérez, C. Vila, M. H. (2017). Effects of two programmes of combined Land-Based and Water- Based exercise on the cognitive function and fitness levels of healthy older adults. Motriz. The Journal of Physical Education, 23(3), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201700020011Carretti, B., Borella, E., Fostinelli, S., & Zavagnin, M. (2013). Benefits of training working memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Specific and transfer effects. International Psychogeriatrics, 25(4), 617-626. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610212002177Cassilhas, R. C., Viana, V. A., Grassmann, V., Santos, R. T, Santos, R. F. Tufik, S., Santos, R. F., Tufik, S., & Mello, M. T. (2007). The impact of resistance exercise on the cognitive function of the elderly. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39(8), 1401-1407. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318060111fDaradkeh, G., Essa, M. M., Al-Adawi, S. S., Koshy, R.P., Al-Asmi, A., & Waly, M. I. (2014). Nutritional status and cognitive impairment in elderly. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 17, 1098-1105. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.1098.1105Dennison, P. E. (2006). Brain Gym® and me: Reclaiming the pleasure of learning. Ventura, CA. Edu-Kinesthetics.Dennison, P. E., & Dennison, G.E. (1997). Brain gym: The Student guide to brain gym. Venture, CA: Edu-Kinesthetics, Inc.Diana, S., Mafticha, E., & Adiesti, F. (2017). Brain gym increase rough and fine motor development in preschool children ages 4-6 year in nu darul hudas kender garten- mojokerto- indonesia. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 4(4), 4056-4058.Dini Mei, W. S., Kep, N. S., & Kep, M. (2017). The Effect of brain gym on cognitive function of the elderly in Surabaya. Proceeding of Surabaya International Health Conference July, 13-14.Doumas, M., Smolders C., & Krampe, R. (2008). Task prioritization in aging: Effects of sensory Information on concurrent posture and memory performance. Experimental Brain Research, 187(2), 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008 1302-3Ebrahimi, S., Rashidy-Pour, A., Vafaei, A., Mohammad Akhavan, M., & Haghighi, S. (2010). Influence of basolateral amygdala lesion on the inhibitory effects of propranolol on voluntary exercise- induced enhancement of learning and memory. Koomesh, 11(2), 133-141.Farsi, A., Ashayeri, H., & Mohammadzadeh, S. (2015). The Effect of six weeks balance training program on kinematic of walking in women elderly people. Salmand, 9(4), 278-287.Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S., & Me Hugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Research,12,189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/00223956(75)90026-6. Friedman NP, Miyake A. (2004). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latentvariable analysis, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(1), 101-35. https://doi.org/10.1037/00963445.133.1.101General census of population and housing. (2012). Statistical centre of Iran. www.amar.org.ir. [Persian]Goldstein, S., & Naglieri, J. A. (2014). Handbook of Executive Functioning. Springer, New York: Heidelberg DordrechtLondon. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8106-5_4Golzari, Z., Parsa Ziabari, H., & Rostami pour, M. (2019). The effect of mind-body training with cognitive-motor approach on executive functions of elderly with cognitive processing disorder. Journal of Motor and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 169-176.Goswami, U. (2006). Neuroscience and education: From research to practice?. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(5), 406–413. https://doi.org//10.1038/nrn1907Hauer, K., Pfisterer, M., Weber, C., Wezler, N., Kliegel, M.,& Oster, P.(2003). Cognitive impairment decreases postural control during dual tasks in geriatric patients with a history of severe falls. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(11), 1638-1644. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532415.2003.51517.xHenderson, H. A., Pine, D. S., & Fox, N. A. (2015). Behavioral inhibition and developmental risk: a dual-processing perspective. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 40(1), 207-224. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.189Hermans, L., Maes, C., Pauwels, L., Cuypers, K., Heise, K. F., Swinnen, S. P., & Leunissen, I. (2019). Ge-related alterations in the modulation of intracortical inhibition during stopping of actions. Aging, 11(2), 371-385. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101741Hosseinpour, S., Behpour, N., Tadibi, V., & Ramezankhani, A. (2017). Effect of cognitive-motor exercises on physical health and cognitive status in elderly. Iranian Association of Health Education and Health Promotion, 5(4), 336-344. [Persian]Hu, R., Zhao, S. G., Wang, D. S., Wen, S. R., Niu, G. M., Rong A., Wang, Z. G., Jiang,M. F., & Zhang, C. F. (2012). A prevalence study on mild cognitive impairment among the elderly populations of mongolian and han nationalities in a pastoral area of inner mongolia. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 33, 364-367.Hukmiyah, A. N., Bachtiar, F., Leksonowati, S. S., Keperawatan, F., Studi, P., Universitas, F., Fisioterapi, J., & Kemenkes, P. (2019). Pemberian Brain Gym Exercise Dapat Meningkatkan Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lanjut USIA. Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia, 7(2), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.7454/jvi.v7i2.148Hung, Y., Gaillard, S.L., Yarmak, P., & Arsalidou, M. (2018). Dissociations of cognitive inhibition, response inhibition, and emotional interference: voxelwise ale metaanalyses of fmri studies. Human Brain Mapping, 39(10), 4065-4082. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24232Jafari, M., & SHamshiri, M. (2015). Reviewing the static and dynamic balance in predicting the risk of falls in elderly people in Tehran. Nurs Midwifery Journal, 12 (11), 1045-1053. [Persian]Jagger, C., & Spiers, N. (2005). The role of sensory and cognitive function in onset of activity restricting in older adult. Journal Disability and Rehabilitation, 27(5), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280400006523Janette, L. S., Jamadar, S., Provost, A. L., & Michie, P.T. (2012). Motor and non-motor inhibition in the go/no go task: an erp and fmri study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(3), 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.185Karakuş, S., Kılınç, F. (2006). Postür ve sportif performans. Kastamonu Education Journal, 14(1), 309-322.Kashi, A., Rafiee S., & zereshkian, M. (2019). The effect of perceptual motor mraining and cognitive games on cognitive development in mentally retarded children. Journal of Motor Learning and Movement, 10(4), 485-504. [Persian] doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2018.243646.1305Katzorke, A., Zeller, J. B. M., Müller, L. D., Lauer, M., Polak, T., Deckert, J., & Herrmann, M. J. (2018). Decreased hemodynamic response in inferior frontotemporal regions in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 274, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.02.003.Kraemer, W.J., Staron, R.S., Hagerman, F.C., Hikida, R. S., Fry, A. C., Gordon, S. E., Nindl, B., Gothshalk, L., Volek, J., Marx, J., & Newton, R. (1998). The effects of short-term resistance training on endocrine function in men and women. European journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 78(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050389.Krotish, D. E. (2008). The effects of a multidimensional intervention on balance, gait, and mobility [dissertation], umi number, 3336599.Lai, F. H. y., Yan, E. W. h., & Yu, K. K. y. (2020). Home-based evaluation of executive function (home-met) for older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics,87, 104012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104012.Lucinda, S., Mark, P., & Andrea, P. (2010). Is brain gym® an effective educational intervention? Exceptionality, 18(1), 18–29.Lugtmeijer, S., de Haan, E. H. F., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2019). A comparison of visual working memory and episodic memory performance in younger and older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 26(3), 387-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2018.1451480.Mathias, S., Nayak, U & Isaacs, B. (1986). Balance in elderly patients: The “get-up and go” Test. Archives of Physical Medicine and Reha-bilitation, 67(6), 3870-3899.Mendrofa, F. A. M., Dwi Indah, I., & Umi, H. (2020). Efficacy of brain gym on the cognitive function improvement of people with dementia. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 8 (4), 557–564. doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.557-564.Meule, A. (2017). Reporting and interpreting task performance in go/no-go effective shifting tasks. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 701-701. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2017.00701.Mohamed barakat, N. E., Mohamed eltohamy, A., & Hassan elmeniawy, G. (2021). Effect of brain gym exercises on postural control in students with hearing impairemet. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 1686-1706.Muir, S. W., Berg, K., Chesworth, B., Klar, N., & Speechley, M. (2010). Quantifying the magnitude of risk for balance impairment on falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63(4), 389-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.010Munir, B. (2015). Neurologi Dasar. Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto, 174-179.Nagel, I., Chicherio, C., Li, S. C., Von Oertzen, T., Sander, T., Villringer, A., Lindenberger, U. (2008). Human aging magnifies genetic effects on executive functioning and working memory. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Fneuro.09.001.2008.Nejati, V. (2013). Correlation of risky decision making with executive function of brain in adolescences. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 11 (4), 270-278. [Persian]Ng, S. S., & Hui-Chan, C. W. (2005). The timed up & go test: its reliability and association with lower-limb impairments and locomotor capacities in people with chronic stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8), 1641-1647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.01.011.Panse, R., Deshpande, M., Yeole, U., & Pawar, P. (2018). Effect of brain gym® exercises on balance and risk of fall in patients with diabetic neuropathy. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 3(4), 257-262.Parellangi, Loriana, R., & Firdaus, R. (2018). Effect of light and medium intensity brain gymnastic on the improvement of cognitive function of elderly. Belitung Nursing Journal, 4(5), 518-523.Payne, G., & Isaacs, Larry. (2002). Human motor development: A lifespan approach 9th edition. (translation hasan khalaji, dariush khajavi) Arak, Arak university publisher.Pourmoradkohan, P., & bakhshian, F. (2019). The effectiveness of brain gym exercises on self-esteem in elderly. Rooyesh, 7 (10), 297-318. [Persian] Raeesi, j. (2008). Comparison of static balance in active and disabled people with flat foot. (Master’s thesis). University of Tehran. [Persian] Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J. (2002). Global self-esteemacross the lifespan. Journalof Psychol Aging, 17(3), 423-434. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0882-7974.17.3.423.Rubenstein, L. Z., & Josephson, K. R. (2002). The epidemiology of falls and syncope. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 18(2), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0690(02)00002-2.Ruwer, S. L., Rossi, A. G., &Simon, L. F. (2005). Balance in the elderly. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 71(3), 298-303. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1808-8694(15),31326-31334.Sadeghi, H., Norouzi, H., Karimi Asl, A., & Montazer, M. (2008). Functional training program effect on static and dynamic balance in male able-bodied elderly. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 3 (2), 565-571. [Persian]Saidian, M., Fallah, M., Norouzian, M., Nejat, S., Delaware, A., & Qasemzadeh, c. (2008). Validity of the Persian version of mini –mental state examination. Journal of Medical Council of Iran, 25(4), 408 – 414. [Persian]Samimi, Z., Ramesh, S., & Kordtamini, M. (2016). The effectiveness of emotional working memory training on improvement behavioral inhibition of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 4(3), 1-10.Sayadi, F., Abbasi, H., BAkhit, M., & Eydipour, K. (2016). The analysis of relationship between emotional creativity and emotional intelligence with self-efficacy of elite athletes in kermanshah. Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 3(10), 59-66.Schmidt, R., & Lee, T. (2015). Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis 5th Edition. (translation of rasol hemaiat talab & abdullah ghasemi). Elmoharakat Publisher.Silsupadol, P., Shumway-Cook, A., Lugade, V., Van Donkelaar, P., Chou, L. S., & Mayr, U. (2009). Effects of single-task versus dual-task training on balance performance in older adults: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(3), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.09.559Suhari, S., Anggia A., Rahmawati, P. A., & Musviro, M. (2019). Brain gym on cognitive performance on elderly with dementia. International Conference of Kerta Cendekia Nursing Academy, 57-62.Tammasse, J. (2016). Effect on cognitive function of elderly post ischemic stroke. Nusantara Medical Science Journal, 1(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.20956/nmsj.v0i1.2209Tanaya, K., & Jayakrishnan, K. (2018). Effect of brain gym exercise on self-esteem, quality of life and symptoms among schizophrenic patients. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 8(3), 173-179.Tomporowski, P. D., Lambourne, K, & Okumura, M. S. (2011). Physical activity interventions and children's mental function: an introduction and overview. Preventive Medicine,1(1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.028 Tootak, M., Abedanzadeh, R., & Saemi, E (2020). The effect of brain gym on working memory in male elderly. Sports Psychology, 4, 2 (2), 77-92. [Persian]Tootak, M., Abedanzadeh, R., & Saemi, E. (2018). The effect of brain gym exercises on sustain attention in male older adults. Aging Psychology, 4(2), 93-103. [Persian]Trzepacz, P. T., Hochstetler, H., Wang, Sh., Walker, B., & Saykin, A. J. (2015). Relationship between the Montreal cognitive assessment and mini-mental state examination for assessment of mild cognitive impairment in older adults. BioMed Central Geriatr, 7(15), 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-015-0103-3Verbruggen, F., & Logan, G. D. (2009). Models of response inhibition in the stop-signal and stop-change paradigms. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(5), 647-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.08.014Wright, A., & Diamond, A. (2014). An effect of inhibitory load in children while keeping working memory load constant. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(5), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00213 |
|---|