Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis

Abstract A major challenge in maize (Zea mays) production is to achieve high grain yield (yield hereafter) by improving resource use efficiency. Using a dataset synthesized from 83 peer-reviewed articles, this study mainly investigated the effects of water and/or nitrogen (N) input on maize yield, w...

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Autores principales:	Yuan Li, Song Cui, Zhixin Zhang, Kezhang Zhuang, Zhennan Wang, Qingping Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4ecfa0590b07459f85674e4758b0be3f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4ecfa0590b07459f85674e4758b0be3f2021-12-02T17:40:46ZDetermining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis10.1038/s41598-020-66613-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4ecfa0590b07459f85674e4758b0be3f2020-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66613-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A major challenge in maize (Zea mays) production is to achieve high grain yield (yield hereafter) by improving resource use efficiency. Using a dataset synthesized from 83 peer-reviewed articles, this study mainly investigated the effects of water and/or nitrogen (N) input on maize yield, water productivity (WP), and N use efficiency (NUE); and evaluated the effects caused by planting density, environmental (temperature, soil texture), and managerial factors (water and/or N input). The input of water increased maize yield, WP, and NUE only when the input was less than 314, 709, and 311 mm, respectively; input of N increased maize yield, WP, and NUE until input was greater than 250, 128, and 196 kg ha−1, respectively. Additionally, results of the mixed-effects model and random forest analysis suggested that mean annual temperature (MAT) was the most critical factor for narrowing gaps (between the actual and attainable variable, which was indicated as response ratio of the treatment relative to the control) of yield (RR Y), WP (RR WP), and NUE (RR NUE), respectively. Specifically, RR Y, RR WP, or RR NUE were negatively correlated to MAT when MAT was higher than 15 °C. Additionally, the structural equation model showed that water input and RR WP with the higher coefficient were more important than N input and RR NUE in improving RR Y. These findings provide new insights into the causes and limitations of global maize production and offer some guidances for water and/or N managements.Yuan LiSong CuiZhixin ZhangKezhang ZhuangZhennan WangQingping ZhangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yuan Li Song Cui Zhixin Zhang Kezhang Zhuang Zhennan Wang Qingping Zhang Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis
description	Abstract A major challenge in maize (Zea mays) production is to achieve high grain yield (yield hereafter) by improving resource use efficiency. Using a dataset synthesized from 83 peer-reviewed articles, this study mainly investigated the effects of water and/or nitrogen (N) input on maize yield, water productivity (WP), and N use efficiency (NUE); and evaluated the effects caused by planting density, environmental (temperature, soil texture), and managerial factors (water and/or N input). The input of water increased maize yield, WP, and NUE only when the input was less than 314, 709, and 311 mm, respectively; input of N increased maize yield, WP, and NUE until input was greater than 250, 128, and 196 kg ha−1, respectively. Additionally, results of the mixed-effects model and random forest analysis suggested that mean annual temperature (MAT) was the most critical factor for narrowing gaps (between the actual and attainable variable, which was indicated as response ratio of the treatment relative to the control) of yield (RR Y), WP (RR WP), and NUE (RR NUE), respectively. Specifically, RR Y, RR WP, or RR NUE were negatively correlated to MAT when MAT was higher than 15 °C. Additionally, the structural equation model showed that water input and RR WP with the higher coefficient were more important than N input and RR NUE in improving RR Y. These findings provide new insights into the causes and limitations of global maize production and offer some guidances for water and/or N managements.
format	article
author	Yuan Li Song Cui Zhixin Zhang Kezhang Zhuang Zhennan Wang Qingping Zhang
author_facet	Yuan Li Song Cui Zhixin Zhang Kezhang Zhuang Zhennan Wang Qingping Zhang
author_sort	Yuan Li
title	Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis
title_short	Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis
title_full	Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis
title_fullStr	Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis
title_full_unstemmed	Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis
title_sort	determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: a global synthesis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/4ecfa0590b07459f85674e4758b0be3f
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Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis

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