Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range

Abstract Camera-trapping and capture-recapture models are the most widely used tools for estimating densities of wild felids that have unique coat patterns, such as Eurasian lynx. However, studies dealing with this species are predominantly on a short-term basis and our knowledge of temporal trends...

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Autores principales: Martin Duľa, Michal Bojda, Delphine B. H. Chabanne, Peter Drengubiak, Ľuboslav Hrdý, Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová, Jakub Kubala, Jiří Labuda, Leona Marčáková, Teresa Oliveira, Peter Smolko, Martin Váňa, Miroslav Kutal
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:4edaf48c59e2460bbc88ef53fdb68f492021-12-02T17:39:20ZMulti-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range10.1038/s41598-021-88348-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4edaf48c59e2460bbc88ef53fdb68f492021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88348-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Camera-trapping and capture-recapture models are the most widely used tools for estimating densities of wild felids that have unique coat patterns, such as Eurasian lynx. However, studies dealing with this species are predominantly on a short-term basis and our knowledge of temporal trends and population persistence is still scarce. By using systematic camera-trapping and spatial capture-recapture models, we estimated lynx densities and evaluated density fluctuations, apparent survival, transition rate and individual's turnover during five consecutive seasons at three different sites situated in the Czech–Slovak–Polish borderland at the periphery of the Western Carpathians. Our density estimates vary between 0.26 and 1.85 lynx/100 km2 suitable habitat and represent the lowest and the highest lynx densities reported from the Carpathians. We recorded 1.5–4.1-fold changes in asynchronous fluctuated densities among all study sites and seasons. Furthermore, we detected high individual’s turnover (on average 46.3 ± 8.06% in all independent lynx and 37.6 ± 4.22% in adults) as well as low persistence of adults (only 3 out of 29 individuals detected in all seasons). The overall apparent survival rate was 0.63 ± 0.055 and overall transition rate between sites was 0.03 ± 0.019. Transition rate of males was significantly higher than in females, suggesting male-biased dispersal and female philopatry. Fluctuating densities and high turnover rates, in combination with documented lynx mortality, indicate that the population in our region faces several human-induced mortalities, such as poaching or lynx-vehicle collisions. These factors might restrict population growth and limit the dispersion of lynx to other subsequent areas, thus undermining the favourable conservation status of the Carpathian population. Moreover, our study demonstrates that long-term camera-trapping surveys are needed for evaluation of population trends and for reliable estimates of demographic parameters of wild territorial felids, and can be further used for establishing successful management and conservation measures.Martin DuľaMichal BojdaDelphine B. H. ChabannePeter DrengubiakĽuboslav HrdýJarmila Krojerová-ProkešováJakub KubalaJiří LabudaLeona MarčákováTeresa OliveiraPeter SmolkoMartin VáňaMiroslav KutalNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Martin Duľa
Michal Bojda
Delphine B. H. Chabanne
Peter Drengubiak
Ľuboslav Hrdý
Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová
Jakub Kubala
Jiří Labuda
Leona Marčáková
Teresa Oliveira
Peter Smolko
Martin Váňa
Miroslav Kutal
Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range
description Abstract Camera-trapping and capture-recapture models are the most widely used tools for estimating densities of wild felids that have unique coat patterns, such as Eurasian lynx. However, studies dealing with this species are predominantly on a short-term basis and our knowledge of temporal trends and population persistence is still scarce. By using systematic camera-trapping and spatial capture-recapture models, we estimated lynx densities and evaluated density fluctuations, apparent survival, transition rate and individual's turnover during five consecutive seasons at three different sites situated in the Czech–Slovak–Polish borderland at the periphery of the Western Carpathians. Our density estimates vary between 0.26 and 1.85 lynx/100 km2 suitable habitat and represent the lowest and the highest lynx densities reported from the Carpathians. We recorded 1.5–4.1-fold changes in asynchronous fluctuated densities among all study sites and seasons. Furthermore, we detected high individual’s turnover (on average 46.3 ± 8.06% in all independent lynx and 37.6 ± 4.22% in adults) as well as low persistence of adults (only 3 out of 29 individuals detected in all seasons). The overall apparent survival rate was 0.63 ± 0.055 and overall transition rate between sites was 0.03 ± 0.019. Transition rate of males was significantly higher than in females, suggesting male-biased dispersal and female philopatry. Fluctuating densities and high turnover rates, in combination with documented lynx mortality, indicate that the population in our region faces several human-induced mortalities, such as poaching or lynx-vehicle collisions. These factors might restrict population growth and limit the dispersion of lynx to other subsequent areas, thus undermining the favourable conservation status of the Carpathian population. Moreover, our study demonstrates that long-term camera-trapping surveys are needed for evaluation of population trends and for reliable estimates of demographic parameters of wild territorial felids, and can be further used for establishing successful management and conservation measures.
format article
author Martin Duľa
Michal Bojda
Delphine B. H. Chabanne
Peter Drengubiak
Ľuboslav Hrdý
Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová
Jakub Kubala
Jiří Labuda
Leona Marčáková
Teresa Oliveira
Peter Smolko
Martin Váňa
Miroslav Kutal
author_facet Martin Duľa
Michal Bojda
Delphine B. H. Chabanne
Peter Drengubiak
Ľuboslav Hrdý
Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová
Jakub Kubala
Jiří Labuda
Leona Marčáková
Teresa Oliveira
Peter Smolko
Martin Váňa
Miroslav Kutal
author_sort Martin Duľa
title Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range
title_short Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range
title_full Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range
title_fullStr Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range
title_full_unstemmed Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range
title_sort multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/4edaf48c59e2460bbc88ef53fdb68f49
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