The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival

During the world-famous Holi festival, people throw and smear each other with a colored powder (Holi color, Holi powder, Gulal powder). Until now, adverse health and environmental effects (skin and eye irritation, air pollution, and respiratory problems) have been described in the available literatu...

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Autores principales:	Bożena Kukfisz, Robert Piec
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fire safety air pollution Holi dust Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4ef43eab4a5f461ea28656614d539215
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:4ef43eab4a5f461ea28656614d539215
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4ef43eab4a5f461ea28656614d5392152021-11-11T16:14:05ZThe Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival10.3390/ijerph1821110901660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/4ef43eab4a5f461ea28656614d5392152021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11090https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601During the world-famous Holi festival, people throw and smear each other with a colored powder (Holi color, Holi powder, Gulal powder). Until now, adverse health and environmental effects (skin and eye irritation, air pollution, and respiratory problems) have been described in the available literature. However, the literature lacks data on the flammable and explosive properties of these powders during mass events, despite the fact that burns, fires, and explosions during the Holi festival have taken place many times. The aim of the article is to present the fire and explosion parameters of three currently used Holi dust and cornflour dust types as reference dust. The minimum ignition temperature of the dust layer and dust cloud, the maximum explosion pressure and its maximum rate of growth over time, the lower explosion limit, the limit of oxygen concentration, and the minimum ignition energy were determined. Tests confirmed that the currently available Holi powders should be classified as flammable dusts and low-explosive dusts. The likelihood of a fire or explosion during mass incidents involving a Holi dust-air mixture is high.Bożena KukfiszRobert PiecMDPI AGarticlefire safetyair pollutionHoli dustMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11090, p 11090 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fire safety air pollution Holi dust Medicine R
spellingShingle	fire safety air pollution Holi dust Medicine R Bożena Kukfisz Robert Piec The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival
description	During the world-famous Holi festival, people throw and smear each other with a colored powder (Holi color, Holi powder, Gulal powder). Until now, adverse health and environmental effects (skin and eye irritation, air pollution, and respiratory problems) have been described in the available literature. However, the literature lacks data on the flammable and explosive properties of these powders during mass events, despite the fact that burns, fires, and explosions during the Holi festival have taken place many times. The aim of the article is to present the fire and explosion parameters of three currently used Holi dust and cornflour dust types as reference dust. The minimum ignition temperature of the dust layer and dust cloud, the maximum explosion pressure and its maximum rate of growth over time, the lower explosion limit, the limit of oxygen concentration, and the minimum ignition energy were determined. Tests confirmed that the currently available Holi powders should be classified as flammable dusts and low-explosive dusts. The likelihood of a fire or explosion during mass incidents involving a Holi dust-air mixture is high.
format	article
author	Bożena Kukfisz Robert Piec
author_facet	Bożena Kukfisz Robert Piec
author_sort	Bożena Kukfisz
title	The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival
title_short	The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival
title_full	The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival
title_fullStr	The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival
title_full_unstemmed	The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival
title_sort	fire and explosion hazard of coloured powders used during the holi festival
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4ef43eab4a5f461ea28656614d539215
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The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival

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