Long-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism

ABSTRACT Marine phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria share a very close but usually changeable relationship. However, the ultimate fate of their unstable relationship on a long-term scale is unclear. Here, the relationship between Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacterial communities underwent a...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Zenghu Zhang, Shailesh Nair, Lili Tang, Hanshuang Zhao, Zhenzhen Hu, Mingming Chen, Yao Zhang, Shuh-Ji Kao, Nianzhi Jiao, Yongyu Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:	Synechococcus heterotrophic bacterial community algae-bacteria interaction mutualism nitrogen cycle Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4f13284c974441edae91de7af422fe4d
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:4f13284c974441edae91de7af422fe4d
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4f13284c974441edae91de7af422fe4d2021-11-10T18:37:51ZLong-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism10.1128/mBio.01614-212150-7511https://doaj.org/article/4f13284c974441edae91de7af422fe4d2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01614-21https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Marine phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria share a very close but usually changeable relationship. However, the ultimate fate of their unstable relationship on a long-term scale is unclear. Here, the relationship between Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacterial communities underwent a dramatic shift from antagonism to commensalism and eventually to mutualism during long-term cocultivation. The relationship change is attributed to the different (even opposite) effects of diverse bacterial members on Synechococcus and the ratio of beneficial to harmful bacteria. Different bacterial members also interact with each other (e.g., quorum-sensing communication, hostility, or mutual promotion) and drive a dynamic succession in the entire community structure that corresponds exactly to the shift in its relationship with Synechococcus. In the final mutualism stage, a self-sufficient nitrogen cycle, including nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and organic nitrogen degradation, contributed to the healthy survival of Synechococcus for 2 years without an exogenous nutrient supply. This natural selective trait of Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria toward mutualism under long-term coexistence provides a novel clue for understanding the ubiquity and competitive advantage of Synechococcus in global oceans. IMPORTANCE Phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria have a close but usually changeable relationship. Uncovering the dynamic changes and driving factors of their interrelationships is of great significance for an in-depth understanding of the ecological processes and functions of marine microorganisms. Here, we observed that Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacterial communities underwent a dramatic change in their relationship from antagonism to mutualism during a long-term cocultivation process. We revealed that the interactions between different members of the bacterial community and the combined effects of different bacterial individuals on Synechococcus promoted the dynamic changes of the Synechococcus-bacterium relationship. In the end, a self-sufficient nutrient cycle (especially nitrogen) established by Synechococcus and bacterial communities supported their long-term survival without any external nutrition supply. This study provides novel insight into the interaction between Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean and provides a novel clue for understanding the ubiquity and competitive advantage of Synechococcus in global oceans.Zenghu ZhangShailesh NairLili TangHanshuang ZhaoZhenzhen HuMingming ChenYao ZhangShuh-Ji KaoNianzhi JiaoYongyu ZhangAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleSynechococcusheterotrophic bacterial communityalgae-bacteria interactionmutualismnitrogen cycleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 12, Iss 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Synechococcus heterotrophic bacterial community algae-bacteria interaction mutualism nitrogen cycle Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Synechococcus heterotrophic bacterial community algae-bacteria interaction mutualism nitrogen cycle Microbiology QR1-502 Zenghu Zhang Shailesh Nair Lili Tang Hanshuang Zhao Zhenzhen Hu Mingming Chen Yao Zhang Shuh-Ji Kao Nianzhi Jiao Yongyu Zhang Long-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism
description	ABSTRACT Marine phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria share a very close but usually changeable relationship. However, the ultimate fate of their unstable relationship on a long-term scale is unclear. Here, the relationship between Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacterial communities underwent a dramatic shift from antagonism to commensalism and eventually to mutualism during long-term cocultivation. The relationship change is attributed to the different (even opposite) effects of diverse bacterial members on Synechococcus and the ratio of beneficial to harmful bacteria. Different bacterial members also interact with each other (e.g., quorum-sensing communication, hostility, or mutual promotion) and drive a dynamic succession in the entire community structure that corresponds exactly to the shift in its relationship with Synechococcus. In the final mutualism stage, a self-sufficient nitrogen cycle, including nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and organic nitrogen degradation, contributed to the healthy survival of Synechococcus for 2 years without an exogenous nutrient supply. This natural selective trait of Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria toward mutualism under long-term coexistence provides a novel clue for understanding the ubiquity and competitive advantage of Synechococcus in global oceans. IMPORTANCE Phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria have a close but usually changeable relationship. Uncovering the dynamic changes and driving factors of their interrelationships is of great significance for an in-depth understanding of the ecological processes and functions of marine microorganisms. Here, we observed that Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacterial communities underwent a dramatic change in their relationship from antagonism to mutualism during a long-term cocultivation process. We revealed that the interactions between different members of the bacterial community and the combined effects of different bacterial individuals on Synechococcus promoted the dynamic changes of the Synechococcus-bacterium relationship. In the end, a self-sufficient nutrient cycle (especially nitrogen) established by Synechococcus and bacterial communities supported their long-term survival without any external nutrition supply. This study provides novel insight into the interaction between Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean and provides a novel clue for understanding the ubiquity and competitive advantage of Synechococcus in global oceans.
format	article
author	Zenghu Zhang Shailesh Nair Lili Tang Hanshuang Zhao Zhenzhen Hu Mingming Chen Yao Zhang Shuh-Ji Kao Nianzhi Jiao Yongyu Zhang
author_facet	Zenghu Zhang Shailesh Nair Lili Tang Hanshuang Zhao Zhenzhen Hu Mingming Chen Yao Zhang Shuh-Ji Kao Nianzhi Jiao Yongyu Zhang
author_sort	Zenghu Zhang
title	Long-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism
title_short	Long-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism
title_full	Long-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism
title_fullStr	Long-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism
title_full_unstemmed	Long-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism
title_sort	long-term survival of <italic toggle="yes">synechococcus</italic> and heterotrophic bacteria without external nutrient supply after changes in their relationship from antagonism to mutualism
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4f13284c974441edae91de7af422fe4d
work_keys_str_mv	AT zenghuzhang longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT shaileshnair longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT lilitang longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT hanshuangzhao longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT zhenzhenhu longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT mingmingchen longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT yaozhang longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT shuhjikao longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT nianzhijiao longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism AT yongyuzhang longtermsurvivalofitalictoggleyessynechococcusitalicandheterotrophicbacteriawithoutexternalnutrientsupplyafterchangesintheirrelationshipfromantagonismtomutualism
_version_	1718439775595134976

Long-Term Survival of <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus</italic> and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism

Ejemplares similares