Altered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine

Abstract Similar to pathogenic infection, high population density alters insects’ prophylactic immunity. Density-dependent prophylaxis has been reported in many polyphenic insects, but the regulatory mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The biogenic monoamines are known to play crit...

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Autores principales:	Hailong Kong, Chuanlei Dong, Zhen Tian, Nian Mao, Cheng Wang, Yunxia Cheng, Lei Zhang, Xingfu Jiang, Lizhi Luo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4f191e87bee3452e9dc5740c79612ac3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4f191e87bee3452e9dc5740c79612ac32021-12-02T15:08:13ZAltered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine10.1038/s41598-018-20711-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4f191e87bee3452e9dc5740c79612ac32018-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20711-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Similar to pathogenic infection, high population density alters insects’ prophylactic immunity. Density-dependent prophylaxis has been reported in many polyphenic insects, but the regulatory mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The biogenic monoamines are known to play critical roles in mediating insect immune responses. In the current study, the immune capacity and the levels of three biogenic monoamines were investigated in the polyphenic larvae of Mythimna separata, reared at the densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 30 larvae per 650-mL jar. Concomitant with the increased phenoloxidase (PO) activity and total haemocyte count in the larvae at high densities (5, 10, 30 larvae/jar), the octopamine level was also increased. In contrast, the dopamine level was decreased, and the 5-hydroxytryptamine level was not significantly affected. Injection of octopamine induced significant increases in the total haemocyte count and PO activity. Conversely, epinastine, a specific antagonist of octopamine, decreased the total haemocyte count and PO activity. Another octopamine antagonist, phentolamine, inhibited the activity of PO and lysozymes. In addition, injection of dopamine induced a significant increase in PO activity and decreased the total haemocyte count and lysozyme activity. These results suggested that both octopamine and dopamine mediate the increases in total haemocyte count and PO activity in the crowded larvae.Hailong KongChuanlei DongZhen TianNian MaoCheng WangYunxia ChengLei ZhangXingfu JiangLizhi LuoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hailong Kong Chuanlei Dong Zhen Tian Nian Mao Cheng Wang Yunxia Cheng Lei Zhang Xingfu Jiang Lizhi Luo Altered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine
description	Abstract Similar to pathogenic infection, high population density alters insects’ prophylactic immunity. Density-dependent prophylaxis has been reported in many polyphenic insects, but the regulatory mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The biogenic monoamines are known to play critical roles in mediating insect immune responses. In the current study, the immune capacity and the levels of three biogenic monoamines were investigated in the polyphenic larvae of Mythimna separata, reared at the densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 30 larvae per 650-mL jar. Concomitant with the increased phenoloxidase (PO) activity and total haemocyte count in the larvae at high densities (5, 10, 30 larvae/jar), the octopamine level was also increased. In contrast, the dopamine level was decreased, and the 5-hydroxytryptamine level was not significantly affected. Injection of octopamine induced significant increases in the total haemocyte count and PO activity. Conversely, epinastine, a specific antagonist of octopamine, decreased the total haemocyte count and PO activity. Another octopamine antagonist, phentolamine, inhibited the activity of PO and lysozymes. In addition, injection of dopamine induced a significant increase in PO activity and decreased the total haemocyte count and lysozyme activity. These results suggested that both octopamine and dopamine mediate the increases in total haemocyte count and PO activity in the crowded larvae.
format	article
author	Hailong Kong Chuanlei Dong Zhen Tian Nian Mao Cheng Wang Yunxia Cheng Lei Zhang Xingfu Jiang Lizhi Luo
author_facet	Hailong Kong Chuanlei Dong Zhen Tian Nian Mao Cheng Wang Yunxia Cheng Lei Zhang Xingfu Jiang Lizhi Luo
author_sort	Hailong Kong
title	Altered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine
title_short	Altered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine
title_full	Altered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine
title_fullStr	Altered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine
title_full_unstemmed	Altered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine
title_sort	altered immunity in crowded mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/4f191e87bee3452e9dc5740c79612ac3
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Altered immunity in crowded Mythimna separata is mediated by octopamine and dopamine

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