The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism

Loess landslides induced by the freeze–thaw effect frequently occur in Yili, China. Freeze–thaw cycles cause indelible changes in the soil microstructure, affecting its permeability. This study investigated the impacts of freeze–thaw cycles on the permeability of Yili loess using permeability tests...

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Autores principales:	Qianli Lv, Zizhao Zhang, Tiandong Zhang, Ruihua Hao, Zezhou Guo, Xuebang Huang, Jianhua Zhu, Tianchao Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	freeze-thaw cycles Yili loess permeability microstructure grey relation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4f2e8b3deb53438bae2e7b1a6c5ab64a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4f2e8b3deb53438bae2e7b1a6c5ab64a2021-11-25T19:16:05ZThe Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism10.3390/w132232572073-4441https://doaj.org/article/4f2e8b3deb53438bae2e7b1a6c5ab64a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3257https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Loess landslides induced by the freeze–thaw effect frequently occur in Yili, China. Freeze–thaw cycles cause indelible changes in the soil microstructure, affecting its permeability. This study investigated the impacts of freeze–thaw cycles on the permeability of Yili loess using permeability tests on undisturbed (virgin, in situ) and remolded loess samples taken before and after freeze–thaw cycles. Scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were utilized to investigate the microscopic mechanism of the freeze–thaw process on the loess. Grey relation analysis (GRA) was employed to analyze the correlation between macroscopic permeability and microscopic parameters (maxi. radius, eccentricity, fractal dimension, directional probability entropy, and porosity). The results revealed that the permeability and all the microstructure parameters have roughly shown the same trend: “fluctuation–towards equilibrium–stability”. Firstly, the permeability coefficients of original and remolded loess experienced three and two peaked–trends, respectively, before 30 freeze–thaw cycles. The trends eventually stabilized within 30–60 freeze–thaw cycles. Increased number of freeze–thaw cycles disintegrated large particles in undisturbed loess into medium–sized particles, and particle shapes became more uncomplicated. Medium–sized particles in the remolded loess agglomerated to larger particles with more complex shapes. Furthermore, the overall porosity of the originally undisturbed loess decreased, and large and medium–sized pores transformed into small pores and micropores. In contrast, the overall porosity of remolded loess increased. Finally, the results revealed that permeability coefficients of the undisturbed and remolded loess became closely related with eccentricity and porosity, respectively. This study provides a reference for preventing and governing the loess landslides induced by the freeze–thaw cycles and permeability reduction in construction on loess in seasonally frozen areas in Yili.Qianli LvZizhao ZhangTiandong ZhangRuihua HaoZezhou GuoXuebang HuangJianhua ZhuTianchao LiuMDPI AGarticlefreeze-thaw cyclesYililoesspermeabilitymicrostructuregrey relationHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3257, p 3257 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	freeze-thaw cycles Yili loess permeability microstructure grey relation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	freeze-thaw cycles Yili loess permeability microstructure grey relation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Qianli Lv Zizhao Zhang Tiandong Zhang Ruihua Hao Zezhou Guo Xuebang Huang Jianhua Zhu Tianchao Liu The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism
description	Loess landslides induced by the freeze–thaw effect frequently occur in Yili, China. Freeze–thaw cycles cause indelible changes in the soil microstructure, affecting its permeability. This study investigated the impacts of freeze–thaw cycles on the permeability of Yili loess using permeability tests on undisturbed (virgin, in situ) and remolded loess samples taken before and after freeze–thaw cycles. Scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were utilized to investigate the microscopic mechanism of the freeze–thaw process on the loess. Grey relation analysis (GRA) was employed to analyze the correlation between macroscopic permeability and microscopic parameters (maxi. radius, eccentricity, fractal dimension, directional probability entropy, and porosity). The results revealed that the permeability and all the microstructure parameters have roughly shown the same trend: “fluctuation–towards equilibrium–stability”. Firstly, the permeability coefficients of original and remolded loess experienced three and two peaked–trends, respectively, before 30 freeze–thaw cycles. The trends eventually stabilized within 30–60 freeze–thaw cycles. Increased number of freeze–thaw cycles disintegrated large particles in undisturbed loess into medium–sized particles, and particle shapes became more uncomplicated. Medium–sized particles in the remolded loess agglomerated to larger particles with more complex shapes. Furthermore, the overall porosity of the originally undisturbed loess decreased, and large and medium–sized pores transformed into small pores and micropores. In contrast, the overall porosity of remolded loess increased. Finally, the results revealed that permeability coefficients of the undisturbed and remolded loess became closely related with eccentricity and porosity, respectively. This study provides a reference for preventing and governing the loess landslides induced by the freeze–thaw cycles and permeability reduction in construction on loess in seasonally frozen areas in Yili.
format	article
author	Qianli Lv Zizhao Zhang Tiandong Zhang Ruihua Hao Zezhou Guo Xuebang Huang Jianhua Zhu Tianchao Liu
author_facet	Qianli Lv Zizhao Zhang Tiandong Zhang Ruihua Hao Zezhou Guo Xuebang Huang Jianhua Zhu Tianchao Liu
author_sort	Qianli Lv
title	The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism
title_short	The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism
title_full	The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism
title_fullStr	The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed	The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism
title_sort	trend of permeability of loess in yili, china, under freeze–thaw cycles and its microscopic mechanism
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4f2e8b3deb53438bae2e7b1a6c5ab64a
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The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism

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