The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site of membrane biogenesis in most eukaryotic cells. As the entry point to the secretory pathway, it handles more than 10,000 different secretory and membrane proteins. The insertion of proteins into the membrane, their folding, and ER exit are affected b...

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Autores principales:	Toni Radanović, Robert Ernst
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	UPR IRE1 PERK ATF6 ER lipid bilayer stress Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4f4a8d6da1f94fa4a6333320540fc284
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:4f4a8d6da1f94fa4a6333320540fc284
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4f4a8d6da1f94fa4a6333320540fc2842021-11-25T17:09:52ZThe Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway10.3390/cells101129652073-4409https://doaj.org/article/4f4a8d6da1f94fa4a6333320540fc2842021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2965https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site of membrane biogenesis in most eukaryotic cells. As the entry point to the secretory pathway, it handles more than 10,000 different secretory and membrane proteins. The insertion of proteins into the membrane, their folding, and ER exit are affected by the lipid composition of the ER membrane and its collective membrane stiffness. The ER is also a hotspot of lipid biosynthesis including sterols, glycerophospholipids, ceramides and neural storage lipids. The unfolded protein response (UPR) bears an evolutionary conserved, dual sensitivity to both protein-folding imbalances in the ER lumen and aberrant compositions of the ER membrane, referred to as lipid bilayer stress (LBS). Through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms, the UPR upregulates the protein folding capacity of the ER and balances the production of proteins and lipids to maintain a functional secretory pathway. In this review, we discuss how UPR transducers sense unfolded proteins and LBS with a particular focus on their role as guardians of the secretory pathway.Toni RadanovićRobert ErnstMDPI AGarticleUPRIRE1PERKATF6ERlipid bilayer stressBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2965, p 2965 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	UPR IRE1 PERK ATF6 ER lipid bilayer stress Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	UPR IRE1 PERK ATF6 ER lipid bilayer stress Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Toni Radanović Robert Ernst The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway
description	The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site of membrane biogenesis in most eukaryotic cells. As the entry point to the secretory pathway, it handles more than 10,000 different secretory and membrane proteins. The insertion of proteins into the membrane, their folding, and ER exit are affected by the lipid composition of the ER membrane and its collective membrane stiffness. The ER is also a hotspot of lipid biosynthesis including sterols, glycerophospholipids, ceramides and neural storage lipids. The unfolded protein response (UPR) bears an evolutionary conserved, dual sensitivity to both protein-folding imbalances in the ER lumen and aberrant compositions of the ER membrane, referred to as lipid bilayer stress (LBS). Through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms, the UPR upregulates the protein folding capacity of the ER and balances the production of proteins and lipids to maintain a functional secretory pathway. In this review, we discuss how UPR transducers sense unfolded proteins and LBS with a particular focus on their role as guardians of the secretory pathway.
format	article
author	Toni Radanović Robert Ernst
author_facet	Toni Radanović Robert Ernst
author_sort	Toni Radanović
title	The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway
title_short	The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway
title_full	The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway
title_fullStr	The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway
title_full_unstemmed	The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway
title_sort	unfolded protein response as a guardian of the secretory pathway
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4f4a8d6da1f94fa4a6333320540fc284
work_keys_str_mv	AT toniradanovic theunfoldedproteinresponseasaguardianofthesecretorypathway AT roberternst theunfoldedproteinresponseasaguardianofthesecretorypathway AT toniradanovic unfoldedproteinresponseasaguardianofthesecretorypathway AT roberternst unfoldedproteinresponseasaguardianofthesecretorypathway
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The Unfolded Protein Response as a Guardian of the Secretory Pathway

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