Insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)

A biological function of the phylogenetically late humoral mediator insulin is to provide energy substrates for locomotion, i.e. movement resulting from contraction of striated muscles. Insulin is able to meet this evolutionary demand of an organism by means of the effective ATP production in the mi...

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Autores principales:	Vladimir Nicolaevich Titov, Vladimir Pavlovich Shirinsky
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN RU
Publicado:	Endocrinology Research Centre 2016
Materias:	insulin insulin resistance atp palmitic acid oleic acid biological adaptation glucose Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4f6f441151db41288db05900b8e6cdae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4f6f441151db41288db05900b8e6cdae2021-11-14T09:00:20ZInsulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)2072-03512072-037810.14341/DM7959https://doaj.org/article/4f6f441151db41288db05900b8e6cdae2016-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/7959https://doaj.org/toc/2072-0351https://doaj.org/toc/2072-0378A biological function of the phylogenetically late humoral mediator insulin is to provide energy substrates for locomotion, i.e. movement resulting from contraction of striated muscles. Insulin is able to meet this evolutionary demand of an organism by means of the effective ATP production in the mitochondria. Exogenous fatty acids, optimised endogenous fatty acids produced from glucose and glucose itself are the major substrates for ATP synthesis. Cells stimulated by insulin produce ω-9 С18:1 oleic acid from glucose. This fatty acid is oxidised by the mitochondria at a higher rate than exogenous and endogenous C16:0 palmitic fatty acid. In the normal state of insulin system and mitochondria, the frequent cause of insulin resistance is the non-optimal properties of dietary fatty acids supplied for oxidation by the mitochondria. Dietary excess of saturated palmitic fatty acid over monogenic oleic fatty acid causes insulin resistance to develop. Insulin resistance syndrome is the condition of in vivo energy deficiency and insufficient production of ATP for the realisation of the biological adaptation and compensation. Insulin effectively inhibits lipolysis only in phylogenetically late subcutaneous adipocytes but not in phylogenetically early visceral fat cells of the omentum. Discrepancy in the regulation of energy substrate metabolism against the background of a ‘relative biological perfection’ of higher mammals is the aetiological basis of insulin resistance.Vladimir Nicolaevich TitovVladimir Pavlovich ShirinskyEndocrinology Research Centrearticleinsulininsulin resistanceatppalmitic acidoleic acidbiological adaptationglucoseNutritional diseases. Deficiency diseasesRC620-627ENRUСахарный диабет, Vol 19, Iss 4, Pp 286-294 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN RU
topic	insulin insulin resistance atp palmitic acid oleic acid biological adaptation glucose Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627
spellingShingle	insulin insulin resistance atp palmitic acid oleic acid biological adaptation glucose Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627 Vladimir Nicolaevich Titov Vladimir Pavlovich Shirinsky Insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)
description	A biological function of the phylogenetically late humoral mediator insulin is to provide energy substrates for locomotion, i.e. movement resulting from contraction of striated muscles. Insulin is able to meet this evolutionary demand of an organism by means of the effective ATP production in the mitochondria. Exogenous fatty acids, optimised endogenous fatty acids produced from glucose and glucose itself are the major substrates for ATP synthesis. Cells stimulated by insulin produce ω-9 С18:1 oleic acid from glucose. This fatty acid is oxidised by the mitochondria at a higher rate than exogenous and endogenous C16:0 palmitic fatty acid. In the normal state of insulin system and mitochondria, the frequent cause of insulin resistance is the non-optimal properties of dietary fatty acids supplied for oxidation by the mitochondria. Dietary excess of saturated palmitic fatty acid over monogenic oleic fatty acid causes insulin resistance to develop. Insulin resistance syndrome is the condition of in vivo energy deficiency and insufficient production of ATP for the realisation of the biological adaptation and compensation. Insulin effectively inhibits lipolysis only in phylogenetically late subcutaneous adipocytes but not in phylogenetically early visceral fat cells of the omentum. Discrepancy in the regulation of energy substrate metabolism against the background of a ‘relative biological perfection’ of higher mammals is the aetiological basis of insulin resistance.
format	article
author	Vladimir Nicolaevich Titov Vladimir Pavlovich Shirinsky
author_facet	Vladimir Nicolaevich Titov Vladimir Pavlovich Shirinsky
author_sort	Vladimir Nicolaevich Titov
title	Insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)
title_short	Insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)
title_full	Insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)
title_fullStr	Insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)
title_full_unstemmed	Insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)
title_sort	insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)
publisher	Endocrinology Research Centre
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/4f6f441151db41288db05900b8e6cdae
work_keys_str_mv	AT vladimirnicolaevichtitov insulinresistancetheconflictbetweenbiologicalsettingsofenergymetabolismandhumanlifestyleaglanceattheproblemfromevolutionaryviewpoint AT vladimirpavlovichshirinsky insulinresistancetheconflictbetweenbiologicalsettingsofenergymetabolismandhumanlifestyleaglanceattheproblemfromevolutionaryviewpoint
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Insulin resistance: the conflict between biological settings of energy metabolism and human lifestyle (a glance at the problem from evolutionary viewpoint)

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