Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.

<h4>Background</h4>Despite declining HIV infection rates, persistent racial and ethnic disparities remain. Appropriate calculations of diagnosis rates by HIV transmission category, race and ethnicity, and geography are needed to monitor progress towards reducing systematic disparities in...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Erika G Martin, Bahareh Ansari, Rachel Hart-Malloy, Dawn K Smith, Kevin P Delaney, Thomas L Gift, Andrés A Berruti, Monica Trigg, Eli S Rosenberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4fa17919d32048b590990fa6d5af3041
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:4fa17919d32048b590990fa6d5af3041
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4fa17919d32048b590990fa6d5af30412021-12-02T20:14:29ZRacial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257583https://doaj.org/article/4fa17919d32048b590990fa6d5af30412021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257583https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Despite declining HIV infection rates, persistent racial and ethnic disparities remain. Appropriate calculations of diagnosis rates by HIV transmission category, race and ethnicity, and geography are needed to monitor progress towards reducing systematic disparities in health outcomes. We estimated the number of heterosexually active adults (HAAs) by sex and state to calculate appropriate HIV diagnosis rates and disparity measures within subnational regions.<h4>Methods</h4>The analysis included all HIV diagnoses attributed to heterosexual transmission in 2018 in the United States, in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Logistic regression models estimated the probability of past-year heterosexual activity among adults in three national health surveys, by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, education category, and marital status. Model-based probabilities were applied to estimated counts of HAAs by state, which were synthesized through meta-analysis. HIV diagnoses were overlaid to calculate racial- and ethnic-specific rates, rate differences (RDs), and rate ratios (RRs) among HAAs by sex and state.<h4>Results</h4>Nationally, HAA women have a two-fold higher HIV diagnosis rate than HAA men (rate per 100,000 HAAs, women: 6.57; men: 3.09). Compared to White non-Hispanic HAAs, Black HAAs have a 20-fold higher HIV diagnosis rate (RR, men: 21.28, women: 19.55; RD, men: 15.40, women: 31.78) and Hispanic HAAs have a 4-fold higher HIV diagnosis rate (RR, men: 4.68, RD, women: 4.15; RD, men: 2.79, RD, women: 5.39). Disparities were ubiquitous across regions, with >75% of states in each region having Black-to-White RR ≥10.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The racial and ethnic disparities across regions suggests a system-wide failure particularly with respect to preventing HIV among Black and Hispanic women. Pervasive disparities emphasize the role for coordinated federal responses such as the current Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative.Erika G MartinBahareh AnsariRachel Hart-MalloyDawn K SmithKevin P DelaneyThomas L GiftAndrés A BerrutiMonica TriggEli S RosenbergPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257583 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Erika G Martin Bahareh Ansari Rachel Hart-Malloy Dawn K Smith Kevin P Delaney Thomas L Gift Andrés A Berruti Monica Trigg Eli S Rosenberg Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Despite declining HIV infection rates, persistent racial and ethnic disparities remain. Appropriate calculations of diagnosis rates by HIV transmission category, race and ethnicity, and geography are needed to monitor progress towards reducing systematic disparities in health outcomes. We estimated the number of heterosexually active adults (HAAs) by sex and state to calculate appropriate HIV diagnosis rates and disparity measures within subnational regions.<h4>Methods</h4>The analysis included all HIV diagnoses attributed to heterosexual transmission in 2018 in the United States, in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Logistic regression models estimated the probability of past-year heterosexual activity among adults in three national health surveys, by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, education category, and marital status. Model-based probabilities were applied to estimated counts of HAAs by state, which were synthesized through meta-analysis. HIV diagnoses were overlaid to calculate racial- and ethnic-specific rates, rate differences (RDs), and rate ratios (RRs) among HAAs by sex and state.<h4>Results</h4>Nationally, HAA women have a two-fold higher HIV diagnosis rate than HAA men (rate per 100,000 HAAs, women: 6.57; men: 3.09). Compared to White non-Hispanic HAAs, Black HAAs have a 20-fold higher HIV diagnosis rate (RR, men: 21.28, women: 19.55; RD, men: 15.40, women: 31.78) and Hispanic HAAs have a 4-fold higher HIV diagnosis rate (RR, men: 4.68, RD, women: 4.15; RD, men: 2.79, RD, women: 5.39). Disparities were ubiquitous across regions, with >75% of states in each region having Black-to-White RR ≥10.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The racial and ethnic disparities across regions suggests a system-wide failure particularly with respect to preventing HIV among Black and Hispanic women. Pervasive disparities emphasize the role for coordinated federal responses such as the current Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative.
format	article
author	Erika G Martin Bahareh Ansari Rachel Hart-Malloy Dawn K Smith Kevin P Delaney Thomas L Gift Andrés A Berruti Monica Trigg Eli S Rosenberg
author_facet	Erika G Martin Bahareh Ansari Rachel Hart-Malloy Dawn K Smith Kevin P Delaney Thomas L Gift Andrés A Berruti Monica Trigg Eli S Rosenberg
author_sort	Erika G Martin
title	Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.
title_short	Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.
title_full	Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.
title_fullStr	Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.
title_full_unstemmed	Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.
title_sort	racial and ethnic disparities in hiv diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the united states nationally and by state, 2018.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4fa17919d32048b590990fa6d5af3041
work_keys_str_mv	AT erikagmartin racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018 AT baharehansari racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018 AT rachelhartmalloy racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018 AT dawnksmith racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018 AT kevinpdelaney racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018 AT thomaslgift racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018 AT andresaberruti racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018 AT monicatrigg racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018 AT elisrosenberg racialandethnicdisparitiesinhivdiagnosesamongheterosexuallyactivepersonsintheunitedstatesnationallyandbystate2018
_version_	1718374643487735808

Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.

Ejemplares similares