A novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)

Abstract Sodium azide is an old poison with toxicity comparable to potassium cyanide. It would seem to be completely forgotten however, between 2000 and 2020, the number of intentional ingestions and murders committed with sodium azide significantly increased. Furthermore, due to its extreme instabi...

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Autores principales:	Olga Wachełko, Marcin Zawadzki, Paweł Szpot
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4fa5793938b841a582d99fde061d7d9d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4fa5793938b841a582d99fde061d7d9d2021-12-02T18:47:00ZA novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)10.1038/s41598-021-95104-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4fa5793938b841a582d99fde061d7d9d2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95104-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Sodium azide is an old poison with toxicity comparable to potassium cyanide. It would seem to be completely forgotten however, between 2000 and 2020, the number of intentional ingestions and murders committed with sodium azide significantly increased. Furthermore, due to its extreme instability, sodium azide is difficult to detect, which poses an additional risk when used to commit a crime. In this study, the epidemiology of sodium azide exposures between 1920 and 2020 was investigated. For the determination the azide concentration in biological samples, a simple, precise and selective headspace gas chromatography method (HS-GC-FID/FID) was developed and fully validated. The limit of quantification was 0.65 µg/mL; and the limit of detection was 0.35 µg/mL; precision and accuracy did not exceed 20%. The stability study was conducted for various biological fluids (urine, bile, blood, gastric content) for 91 days in the refrigerator (4 °C) and the method for stabilization of azide was presented. The addition of a mixture of borax and sodium fluoride (w/w 3:1) to the test tubes can stabilize this poison. The described unique technique of collecting the biological samples poses a great potential for azide detection in clinical and toxicology laboratories even long time after human exposure to this substance.Olga WachełkoMarcin ZawadzkiPaweł SzpotNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Olga Wachełko Marcin Zawadzki Paweł Szpot A novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)
description	Abstract Sodium azide is an old poison with toxicity comparable to potassium cyanide. It would seem to be completely forgotten however, between 2000 and 2020, the number of intentional ingestions and murders committed with sodium azide significantly increased. Furthermore, due to its extreme instability, sodium azide is difficult to detect, which poses an additional risk when used to commit a crime. In this study, the epidemiology of sodium azide exposures between 1920 and 2020 was investigated. For the determination the azide concentration in biological samples, a simple, precise and selective headspace gas chromatography method (HS-GC-FID/FID) was developed and fully validated. The limit of quantification was 0.65 µg/mL; and the limit of detection was 0.35 µg/mL; precision and accuracy did not exceed 20%. The stability study was conducted for various biological fluids (urine, bile, blood, gastric content) for 91 days in the refrigerator (4 °C) and the method for stabilization of azide was presented. The addition of a mixture of borax and sodium fluoride (w/w 3:1) to the test tubes can stabilize this poison. The described unique technique of collecting the biological samples poses a great potential for azide detection in clinical and toxicology laboratories even long time after human exposure to this substance.
format	article
author	Olga Wachełko Marcin Zawadzki Paweł Szpot
author_facet	Olga Wachełko Marcin Zawadzki Paweł Szpot
author_sort	Olga Wachełko
title	A novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)
title_short	A novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)
title_full	A novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)
title_fullStr	A novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)
title_full_unstemmed	A novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)
title_sort	novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (hs-gc-fid/fid)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4fa5793938b841a582d99fde061d7d9d
work_keys_str_mv	AT olgawachełko anovelprocedureforstabilizationofazideinbiologicalsamplesandmethodforitsdeterminationhsgcfidfid AT marcinzawadzki anovelprocedureforstabilizationofazideinbiologicalsamplesandmethodforitsdeterminationhsgcfidfid AT pawełszpot anovelprocedureforstabilizationofazideinbiologicalsamplesandmethodforitsdeterminationhsgcfidfid AT olgawachełko novelprocedureforstabilizationofazideinbiologicalsamplesandmethodforitsdeterminationhsgcfidfid AT marcinzawadzki novelprocedureforstabilizationofazideinbiologicalsamplesandmethodforitsdeterminationhsgcfidfid AT pawełszpot novelprocedureforstabilizationofazideinbiologicalsamplesandmethodforitsdeterminationhsgcfidfid
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A novel procedure for stabilization of azide in biological samples and method for its determination (HS-GC-FID/FID)

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