Evaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors

Introduction One of the most important factors in agricultural production is nitrogen which has a great impact on plant growing, yield performance and plant quality production. The optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer is varied from fields to fields. There are some time consuming and costly ways to...

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Autores principales:	B Sepehr, H Mohamadi-Monavar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FA
Publicado:	Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 2019
Materias:	chlorophyll greenseeker nitrogen normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) spad Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4faf434860f84cc39ff24ef7c5223987
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:4faf434860f84cc39ff24ef7c5223987
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FA
topic	chlorophyll greenseeker nitrogen normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) spad Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	chlorophyll greenseeker nitrogen normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) spad Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 B Sepehr H Mohamadi-Monavar Evaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors
description	Introduction One of the most important factors in agricultural production is nitrogen which has a great impact on plant growing, yield performance and plant quality production. The optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer is varied from fields to fields. There are some time consuming and costly ways to measure the nitrogen content of plants or soil, which are inappropriate for extended field or for a long growing season. Fast and remote optical sensors calculate greenness of plant using reflectance or absorbance of light from green leaves. Measuring chlorophyll with SPAD managed the nitrogen requirement for maize, Poinsettia and Nagoya Red. Whereas SPAD was not a suitable choice for chlorophyll measurement at the end of growing period. Therefore, GreenSeeker was applied as a non-contact to record the NDVI of tomato’s and cucumber’s leaves. The purpose of this research was the evaluation of GreenSeeker ability to estimate nitrogen requirement and then the plant health. Materials and Methods The study was performed on Matin and Nahid cultivars of tomato and cucumber, respectively. The pots were 291 and filled with 3 kg sieved soil. The bottom layer of each pot was filled with stone for better drainage. Before planting, the soil was analyzed in order to define the ingredients. All pots put in the greenhouse with polycarbonate structure in two floors. Measurements were repeated every week with SPAD and GreensSeeker and fertigation was started 50 days after planting (DAP). In order to provide other nutrient elements, all pots got Humic-acid at 37DAP and the effect was measured in 43rd DAP. Fertigation was continued until 71st DAP and first, second and third treatments were supplemented with extra fertilizer to reach the amount of fertilizer to fifth treatment. To calculate Total Nitrogen (TN), the concentrations of nitrate-N and nitrite-N are determined and added to the total Kjeldahl nitrogen. Chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and GreenSeeker optical sensor have become available for site-specific and need-based N management in greenhouse. The GS was located at 60 cm above the plant and measured the average NDVI. This sensor has red and NIR diodes which reflect and absorb the spectra in 660±15nm and 770±15nm regions, respectively. The SPAD values were recorded by inserting the middle portion of the index leaf in the slit of SPAD meter. As well as, chlorophyll meter can confirm the GreenSeeker output (NDVI). GreenSeeker is a suitable optical sensor because it is not affected by light and temperature variation or wind intensity. Statistical analyses were performed on the pooled data of both tomato and cucumber using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). Regression equations were fitted between fertilizer and the readings recorded with different gadgets at different growth stages. Results and Discussion Chlorophyll content and NDVI of tomato and cucumber increased during the growing stages except in 71st DAP for cucumber. The percentage of total nitrogen of 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments were further than two others because of supplementary fertilizer. According to the Kjeldahl result of cucumber, the 3rd treatment had the lowest nitrogen accumulation in fruits. In addition, chlorophyll and NDVI of cucumber almost showed the increasing correlation by fertilizer enhancement while the opposite behavior was seen for tomato. That would be related to different fertilizer needs of them. The linear regression of fertilizer and reading NDVI of 2nd to 5th treatments were ascending. The number of increasing leaves was calculated in all pots every weeks as another studied element. Each pot had new grown leaves every weeks that was more or sometimes less than last weeks. However, accurate correlation coefficient was reported with NDVI in all treatments, whereas chlorophyll did not show a direct relation. Conclusions The result of the study confirmed the useful GreanSeeker as an accurate and fast technology for prediction of NDVI. Among different fertilizer treatments of cucumber, 3rd one showed the acceptable results. Since tomatoes did not reach to fertility stage, it would not possible to extract the best nitrogen fertilizer treatments. It is obvious that evaluation of pots in complete growth stages reach us to codify manual fertilization.
format	article
author	B Sepehr H Mohamadi-Monavar
author_facet	B Sepehr H Mohamadi-Monavar
author_sort	B Sepehr
title	Evaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors
title_short	Evaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors
title_full	Evaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors
title_fullStr	Evaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors
title_sort	evaluation of vegetation index of greenhouse tomato and cucumber using non-destructive sensors
publisher	Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/4faf434860f84cc39ff24ef7c5223987
work_keys_str_mv	AT bsepehr evaluationofvegetationindexofgreenhousetomatoandcucumberusingnondestructivesensors AT hmohamadimonavar evaluationofvegetationindexofgreenhousetomatoandcucumberusingnondestructivesensors
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4faf434860f84cc39ff24ef7c52239872021-11-14T06:34:54ZEvaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors2228-68292423-394310.22067/jam.v9i1.67383https://doaj.org/article/4faf434860f84cc39ff24ef7c52239872019-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jame.um.ac.ir/article_33442_bf28753a097469b217042bd66e332eaf.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2228-6829https://doaj.org/toc/2423-3943Introduction One of the most important factors in agricultural production is nitrogen which has a great impact on plant growing, yield performance and plant quality production. The optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer is varied from fields to fields. There are some time consuming and costly ways to measure the nitrogen content of plants or soil, which are inappropriate for extended field or for a long growing season. Fast and remote optical sensors calculate greenness of plant using reflectance or absorbance of light from green leaves. Measuring chlorophyll with SPAD managed the nitrogen requirement for maize, Poinsettia and Nagoya Red. Whereas SPAD was not a suitable choice for chlorophyll measurement at the end of growing period. Therefore, GreenSeeker was applied as a non-contact to record the NDVI of tomato’s and cucumber’s leaves. The purpose of this research was the evaluation of GreenSeeker ability to estimate nitrogen requirement and then the plant health. Materials and Methods The study was performed on Matin and Nahid cultivars of tomato and cucumber, respectively. The pots were 291 and filled with 3 kg sieved soil. The bottom layer of each pot was filled with stone for better drainage. Before planting, the soil was analyzed in order to define the ingredients. All pots put in the greenhouse with polycarbonate structure in two floors. Measurements were repeated every week with SPAD and GreensSeeker and fertigation was started 50 days after planting (DAP). In order to provide other nutrient elements, all pots got Humic-acid at 37DAP and the effect was measured in 43rd DAP. Fertigation was continued until 71st DAP and first, second and third treatments were supplemented with extra fertilizer to reach the amount of fertilizer to fifth treatment. To calculate Total Nitrogen (TN), the concentrations of nitrate-N and nitrite-N are determined and added to the total Kjeldahl nitrogen. Chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and GreenSeeker optical sensor have become available for site-specific and need-based N management in greenhouse. The GS was located at 60 cm above the plant and measured the average NDVI. This sensor has red and NIR diodes which reflect and absorb the spectra in 660±15nm and 770±15nm regions, respectively. The SPAD values were recorded by inserting the middle portion of the index leaf in the slit of SPAD meter. As well as, chlorophyll meter can confirm the GreenSeeker output (NDVI). GreenSeeker is a suitable optical sensor because it is not affected by light and temperature variation or wind intensity. Statistical analyses were performed on the pooled data of both tomato and cucumber using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). Regression equations were fitted between fertilizer and the readings recorded with different gadgets at different growth stages. Results and Discussion Chlorophyll content and NDVI of tomato and cucumber increased during the growing stages except in 71st DAP for cucumber. The percentage of total nitrogen of 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments were further than two others because of supplementary fertilizer. According to the Kjeldahl result of cucumber, the 3rd treatment had the lowest nitrogen accumulation in fruits. In addition, chlorophyll and NDVI of cucumber almost showed the increasing correlation by fertilizer enhancement while the opposite behavior was seen for tomato. That would be related to different fertilizer needs of them. The linear regression of fertilizer and reading NDVI of 2nd to 5th treatments were ascending. The number of increasing leaves was calculated in all pots every weeks as another studied element. Each pot had new grown leaves every weeks that was more or sometimes less than last weeks. However, accurate correlation coefficient was reported with NDVI in all treatments, whereas chlorophyll did not show a direct relation. Conclusions The result of the study confirmed the useful GreanSeeker as an accurate and fast technology for prediction of NDVI. Among different fertilizer treatments of cucumber, 3rd one showed the acceptable results. Since tomatoes did not reach to fertility stage, it would not possible to extract the best nitrogen fertilizer treatments. It is obvious that evaluation of pots in complete growth stages reach us to codify manual fertilization.B SepehrH Mohamadi-MonavarFerdowsi University of Mashhadarticlechlorophyllgreenseekernitrogennormalized difference vegetation index (ndvi)spadAgriculture (General)S1-972Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENFAJournal of Agricultural Machinery, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 87-98 (2019)

Evaluation of Vegetation Index of Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber using non-destructive Sensors

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