Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation

Abstract Downy mildew of pearl millet caused by the biotrophic oomycete Sclerospora graminicola is the most devastating disease which impairs pearl millet production causing huge yield and monetary losses. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were synthesized from low molecular weight chitosan having higher...

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Autores principales:	Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah, Keelara Veerappa Harish Prasanth, Niranjan Raj Satyanarayana, Venkataramana Mudili, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Naveen Kumar Kalagatur, Tara Satyavati, Xiao-Feng Dai, Jie-Yin Chen, Andrei Mocan, Bhim Pratap Singh, Rakesh Kumar Srivastava
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4fd46bd3021b4b3cb4589d9af24fee05
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4fd46bd3021b4b3cb4589d9af24fee052021-12-02T11:40:15ZChitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation10.1038/s41598-017-19016-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4fd46bd3021b4b3cb4589d9af24fee052018-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-19016-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Downy mildew of pearl millet caused by the biotrophic oomycete Sclerospora graminicola is the most devastating disease which impairs pearl millet production causing huge yield and monetary losses. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were synthesized from low molecular weight chitosan having higher degree of acetylation was evaluated for their efficacy against downy mildew disease of pearl millet caused by Sclerospora graminicola. Laboratory studies showed that CNP seed treatment significantly enhanced pearl millet seed germination percentage and seedling vigor compared to the control. Seed treatment with CNP induced systemic and durable resistance and showed significant downy mildew protection under greenhouse conditions in comparison to the untreated control. Seed treatment with CNP showed changes in gene expression profiles wherein expression of genes of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were highly upregulated. CNP treatment resulted in earlier and higher expression of the pathogenesis related proteins PR1 and PR5. Downy mildew protective effect offered by CNP was found to be modulated by nitric oxide and treatment with CNP along with NO inhibitors cPTIO completely abolished the gene expression of defense enzymes and PR proteins. Further, comparative analysis of CNP with Chitosan revealed that the very small dosage of CNP performed at par with recommended dose of Chitosan for downy mildew management.Chandra Nayaka SiddaiahKeelara Veerappa Harish PrasanthNiranjan Raj SatyanarayanaVenkataramana MudiliVijai Kumar GuptaNaveen Kumar KalagaturTara SatyavatiXiao-Feng DaiJie-Yin ChenAndrei MocanBhim Pratap SinghRakesh Kumar SrivastavaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah Keelara Veerappa Harish Prasanth Niranjan Raj Satyanarayana Venkataramana Mudili Vijai Kumar Gupta Naveen Kumar Kalagatur Tara Satyavati Xiao-Feng Dai Jie-Yin Chen Andrei Mocan Bhim Pratap Singh Rakesh Kumar Srivastava Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation
description	Abstract Downy mildew of pearl millet caused by the biotrophic oomycete Sclerospora graminicola is the most devastating disease which impairs pearl millet production causing huge yield and monetary losses. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were synthesized from low molecular weight chitosan having higher degree of acetylation was evaluated for their efficacy against downy mildew disease of pearl millet caused by Sclerospora graminicola. Laboratory studies showed that CNP seed treatment significantly enhanced pearl millet seed germination percentage and seedling vigor compared to the control. Seed treatment with CNP induced systemic and durable resistance and showed significant downy mildew protection under greenhouse conditions in comparison to the untreated control. Seed treatment with CNP showed changes in gene expression profiles wherein expression of genes of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were highly upregulated. CNP treatment resulted in earlier and higher expression of the pathogenesis related proteins PR1 and PR5. Downy mildew protective effect offered by CNP was found to be modulated by nitric oxide and treatment with CNP along with NO inhibitors cPTIO completely abolished the gene expression of defense enzymes and PR proteins. Further, comparative analysis of CNP with Chitosan revealed that the very small dosage of CNP performed at par with recommended dose of Chitosan for downy mildew management.
format	article
author	Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah Keelara Veerappa Harish Prasanth Niranjan Raj Satyanarayana Venkataramana Mudili Vijai Kumar Gupta Naveen Kumar Kalagatur Tara Satyavati Xiao-Feng Dai Jie-Yin Chen Andrei Mocan Bhim Pratap Singh Rakesh Kumar Srivastava
author_facet	Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah Keelara Veerappa Harish Prasanth Niranjan Raj Satyanarayana Venkataramana Mudili Vijai Kumar Gupta Naveen Kumar Kalagatur Tara Satyavati Xiao-Feng Dai Jie-Yin Chen Andrei Mocan Bhim Pratap Singh Rakesh Kumar Srivastava
author_sort	Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah
title	Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation
title_short	Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation
title_full	Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation
title_fullStr	Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation
title_full_unstemmed	Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation
title_sort	chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/4fd46bd3021b4b3cb4589d9af24fee05
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Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation

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