How the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.

A pervasive case of cost-benefit problem is how to allocate effort over time, i.e. deciding when to work and when to rest. An economic decision perspective would suggest that duration of effort is determined beforehand, depending on expected costs and benefits. However, the literature on exercise pe...

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Autores principales:	Florent Meyniel, Lou Safra, Mathias Pessiglione
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/501515cc33a44c51ac248af50ce9fa47
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:501515cc33a44c51ac248af50ce9fa472021-11-18T05:52:57ZHow the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1003584https://doaj.org/article/501515cc33a44c51ac248af50ce9fa472014-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24743711/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358A pervasive case of cost-benefit problem is how to allocate effort over time, i.e. deciding when to work and when to rest. An economic decision perspective would suggest that duration of effort is determined beforehand, depending on expected costs and benefits. However, the literature on exercise performance emphasizes that decisions are made on the fly, depending on physiological variables. Here, we propose and validate a general model of effort allocation that integrates these two views. In this model, a single variable, termed cost evidence, accumulates during effort and dissipates during rest, triggering effort cessation and resumption when reaching bounds. We assumed that such a basic mechanism could explain implicit adaptation, whereas the latent parameters (slopes and bounds) could be amenable to explicit anticipation. A series of behavioral experiments manipulating effort duration and difficulty was conducted in a total of 121 healthy humans to dissociate implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computations. Results show 1) that effort and rest durations are adapted on the fly to variations in cost-evidence level, 2) that the cost-evidence fluctuations driving the behavior do not match explicit ratings of exhaustion, and 3) that actual difficulty impacts effort duration whereas expected difficulty impacts rest duration. Taken together, our findings suggest that cost evidence is implicitly monitored online, with an accumulation rate proportional to actual task difficulty. In contrast, cost-evidence bounds and dissipation rate might be adjusted in anticipation, depending on explicit task difficulty.Florent MeynielLou SafraMathias PessiglionePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 10, Iss 4, p e1003584 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Florent Meyniel Lou Safra Mathias Pessiglione How the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.
description	A pervasive case of cost-benefit problem is how to allocate effort over time, i.e. deciding when to work and when to rest. An economic decision perspective would suggest that duration of effort is determined beforehand, depending on expected costs and benefits. However, the literature on exercise performance emphasizes that decisions are made on the fly, depending on physiological variables. Here, we propose and validate a general model of effort allocation that integrates these two views. In this model, a single variable, termed cost evidence, accumulates during effort and dissipates during rest, triggering effort cessation and resumption when reaching bounds. We assumed that such a basic mechanism could explain implicit adaptation, whereas the latent parameters (slopes and bounds) could be amenable to explicit anticipation. A series of behavioral experiments manipulating effort duration and difficulty was conducted in a total of 121 healthy humans to dissociate implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computations. Results show 1) that effort and rest durations are adapted on the fly to variations in cost-evidence level, 2) that the cost-evidence fluctuations driving the behavior do not match explicit ratings of exhaustion, and 3) that actual difficulty impacts effort duration whereas expected difficulty impacts rest duration. Taken together, our findings suggest that cost evidence is implicitly monitored online, with an accumulation rate proportional to actual task difficulty. In contrast, cost-evidence bounds and dissipation rate might be adjusted in anticipation, depending on explicit task difficulty.
format	article
author	Florent Meyniel Lou Safra Mathias Pessiglione
author_facet	Florent Meyniel Lou Safra Mathias Pessiglione
author_sort	Florent Meyniel
title	How the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.
title_short	How the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.
title_full	How the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.
title_fullStr	How the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.
title_full_unstemmed	How the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.
title_sort	how the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/501515cc33a44c51ac248af50ce9fa47
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How the brain decides when to work and when to rest: dissociation of implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computational processes.

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