Seasonal variability of water characteristics in the Challenger Deep observed by four cruises
Abstract Thirty conductivity-temperature-depth profiler casts in the Challenger Deep were conducted during four cruises from December 2015 to February 2017. Two cruises took place in the summer, and two in the winter. The results demonstrated that water characteristics varied seasonally. The tempera...
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Nature Portfolio
2018
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oai:doaj.org-article:501990c63de14cc986b426225621a4032021-12-02T15:08:16ZSeasonal variability of water characteristics in the Challenger Deep observed by four cruises10.1038/s41598-018-30176-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/501990c63de14cc986b426225621a4032018-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30176-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Thirty conductivity-temperature-depth profiler casts in the Challenger Deep were conducted during four cruises from December 2015 to February 2017. Two cruises took place in the summer, and two in the winter. The results demonstrated that water characteristics varied seasonally. The temperature minimum values were the same between the four cruises, but its depth was noticeably shallower in the winter than that in the summer. The θ-S diagram indicated that deep water is more saline in the summer than that in winter at the same potential temperature. Mixing is more intense between 5000 and 6800 m in the summer than that in the winter. The dissipation rate and eddy diffusivity vertically averaged between 5000 and 6800 m in the summer were ε T = 3.277 × 10−8 m 2 s −3 and K zT = 2.58 × 10−2 m 2 s −1, respectively. The geostrophic flows below the reference level of 3000 dbar were cyclonic in the summer, travelling westwards in the northern and eastwards in the southern areas of the Challenger Deep.Caijing HuangQiang XieDongxiao WangYeqiang ShuHongzhou XuJingen XiaoTingting ZuTong LongTiecheng ZhangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2018) |
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Medicine R Science Q Caijing Huang Qiang Xie Dongxiao Wang Yeqiang Shu Hongzhou Xu Jingen Xiao Tingting Zu Tong Long Tiecheng Zhang Seasonal variability of water characteristics in the Challenger Deep observed by four cruises |
| description |
Abstract Thirty conductivity-temperature-depth profiler casts in the Challenger Deep were conducted during four cruises from December 2015 to February 2017. Two cruises took place in the summer, and two in the winter. The results demonstrated that water characteristics varied seasonally. The temperature minimum values were the same between the four cruises, but its depth was noticeably shallower in the winter than that in the summer. The θ-S diagram indicated that deep water is more saline in the summer than that in winter at the same potential temperature. Mixing is more intense between 5000 and 6800 m in the summer than that in the winter. The dissipation rate and eddy diffusivity vertically averaged between 5000 and 6800 m in the summer were ε T = 3.277 × 10−8 m 2 s −3 and K zT = 2.58 × 10−2 m 2 s −1, respectively. The geostrophic flows below the reference level of 3000 dbar were cyclonic in the summer, travelling westwards in the northern and eastwards in the southern areas of the Challenger Deep. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Caijing Huang Qiang Xie Dongxiao Wang Yeqiang Shu Hongzhou Xu Jingen Xiao Tingting Zu Tong Long Tiecheng Zhang |
| author_facet |
Caijing Huang Qiang Xie Dongxiao Wang Yeqiang Shu Hongzhou Xu Jingen Xiao Tingting Zu Tong Long Tiecheng Zhang |
| author_sort |
Caijing Huang |
| title |
Seasonal variability of water characteristics in the Challenger Deep observed by four cruises |
| title_short |
Seasonal variability of water characteristics in the Challenger Deep observed by four cruises |
| title_full |
Seasonal variability of water characteristics in the Challenger Deep observed by four cruises |
| title_fullStr |
Seasonal variability of water characteristics in the Challenger Deep observed by four cruises |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal variability of water characteristics in the Challenger Deep observed by four cruises |
| title_sort |
seasonal variability of water characteristics in the challenger deep observed by four cruises |
| publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/501990c63de14cc986b426225621a403 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
1718388184240357376 |