Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase

Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastation in over 200 countries. Italy, Spain, and the United States (US) were most severely affected by the first wave of the pandemic. The reasons why some countries were more strongly affected than others remain...

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Autores principales:	Saman Hasan Siddiqui, Azza Sarfraz, Arjumand Rizvi, Fariha Shaheen, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Syed Asad Ali
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention 2021
Materias:	coronavirus environment mortality public health Special situations and conditions RC952-1245 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/501bc87afc6449c08a949500b0fd0995
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:501bc87afc6449c08a949500b0fd09952021-11-05T00:00:17ZGlobal variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase2210-90992210-911010.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.03https://doaj.org/article/501bc87afc6449c08a949500b0fd09952021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://ophrp.org/upload/pdf/j-phrp-2021-12-2-03.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2210-9099https://doaj.org/toc/2210-9110Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastation in over 200 countries. Italy, Spain, and the United States (US) were most severely affected by the first wave of the pandemic. The reasons why some countries were more strongly affected than others remain unknown. We identified the most-affected and less-affected countries and states and explored environmental, host, and infrastructure risk factors that may explain differences in the SARS-CoV-2 mortality burden. Methods We identified the top 10 countries/US states with the highest deaths per population until May 2020. For each of these 10 case countries/states, we identified 6 control countries/states with a similar population size and at least 3 times fewer deaths per population. We extracted data for 30 risk factors from publicly available, trusted sources. We compared case and control countries/states using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and conducted a secondary cluster analysis to explore the relationship between the number of cases per population and the number of deaths per population using a scalable EM (expectation–maximization) clustering algorithm. Results Statistically significant differences were found in 16 of 30 investigated risk factors, the most important of which were temperature, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates, the percentage of under-5 deaths due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and diarrhea, and tuberculosis incidence (p < 0.05) Conclusion Countries with a higher burden of baseline pediatric mortality rates, higher pediatric mortality from preventable diseases like diarrhea and ARI, and higher tuberculosis incidence had lower rates of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mortality, supporting the hygiene hypothesis.Saman Hasan SiddiquiAzza SarfrazArjumand RizviFariha ShaheenMohammad Tahir YousafzaiSyed Asad AliKorea Centers for Disease Control & Preventionarticlecoronavirusenvironmentmortalitypublic healthSpecial situations and conditionsRC952-1245Infectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENOsong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 64-72 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	coronavirus environment mortality public health Special situations and conditions RC952-1245 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	coronavirus environment mortality public health Special situations and conditions RC952-1245 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Saman Hasan Siddiqui Azza Sarfraz Arjumand Rizvi Fariha Shaheen Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai Syed Asad Ali Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase
description	Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastation in over 200 countries. Italy, Spain, and the United States (US) were most severely affected by the first wave of the pandemic. The reasons why some countries were more strongly affected than others remain unknown. We identified the most-affected and less-affected countries and states and explored environmental, host, and infrastructure risk factors that may explain differences in the SARS-CoV-2 mortality burden. Methods We identified the top 10 countries/US states with the highest deaths per population until May 2020. For each of these 10 case countries/states, we identified 6 control countries/states with a similar population size and at least 3 times fewer deaths per population. We extracted data for 30 risk factors from publicly available, trusted sources. We compared case and control countries/states using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and conducted a secondary cluster analysis to explore the relationship between the number of cases per population and the number of deaths per population using a scalable EM (expectation–maximization) clustering algorithm. Results Statistically significant differences were found in 16 of 30 investigated risk factors, the most important of which were temperature, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates, the percentage of under-5 deaths due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and diarrhea, and tuberculosis incidence (p < 0.05) Conclusion Countries with a higher burden of baseline pediatric mortality rates, higher pediatric mortality from preventable diseases like diarrhea and ARI, and higher tuberculosis incidence had lower rates of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mortality, supporting the hygiene hypothesis.
format	article
author	Saman Hasan Siddiqui Azza Sarfraz Arjumand Rizvi Fariha Shaheen Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai Syed Asad Ali
author_facet	Saman Hasan Siddiqui Azza Sarfraz Arjumand Rizvi Fariha Shaheen Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai Syed Asad Ali
author_sort	Saman Hasan Siddiqui
title	Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase
title_short	Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase
title_full	Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase
title_fullStr	Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase
title_full_unstemmed	Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase
title_sort	global variation of covid-19 mortality rates in the initial phase
publisher	Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/501bc87afc6449c08a949500b0fd0995
work_keys_str_mv	AT samanhasansiddiqui globalvariationofcovid19mortalityratesintheinitialphase AT azzasarfraz globalvariationofcovid19mortalityratesintheinitialphase AT arjumandrizvi globalvariationofcovid19mortalityratesintheinitialphase AT farihashaheen globalvariationofcovid19mortalityratesintheinitialphase AT mohammadtahiryousafzai globalvariationofcovid19mortalityratesintheinitialphase AT syedasadali globalvariationofcovid19mortalityratesintheinitialphase
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Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase

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