Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.

<h4>Introduction</h4>To make valid comparisons across groups, a measurement instrument needs to be measurement invariant across those groups. The present study evaluates measurement invariance for experience of violence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in two informal settle...

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Autores principales:	Benedict O Orindi, Abdhalah Ziraba, Luk Bruyneel, Sian Floyd, Emmanuel Lesaffre
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50235174d3784956a857bf20c1fa4048
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50235174d3784956a857bf20c1fa40482021-12-02T20:16:51ZInvariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258651https://doaj.org/article/50235174d3784956a857bf20c1fa40482021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258651https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Introduction</h4>To make valid comparisons across groups, a measurement instrument needs to be measurement invariant across those groups. The present study evaluates measurement invariance for experience of violence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.<h4>Methods</h4>We used survey data collected from 1,081 AGYW aged 15-22 years from two Nairobi's informal settlements of Korogocho (n = 617) and Viwandani (n = 464) in 2017 through DREAMS (an initiative aimed at reducing HIV incidence among AGYW with a core package of evidence-based interventions) impact evaluation project. Experience of violence was measured using the 15-item WHO's violence against women instrument, and factorial (non)invariance assessed within exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) framework. Cross-group measurement invariance was assessed using Bayesian Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model across site, age groups, self-reported invitation to participate in DREAMS, marital status, currently in school, education level, religion, ethnic groups, ever had sex, slept hungry at night past 4 weeks, and wealth index.<h4>Results</h4>The mean and median ages of the AGYW were 17.9 years and 17 years, respectively. About 59% reported having had sex and 58% of AGYW were in school. The percentage reporting each act of violence varied from 1.6% ("attacked you with a weapon") to 26.5% ("insult you or make you feel bad about yourself"). About 44% (n = 474) of participants experienced ≥1 acts of violence, and 2.7% (n = 29) experienced at least half of the 15 acts. The structure underlying the 15 items was configurally similar to that proposed by WHO, with three factors reflecting either psychological, physical, or sexual violence. Noninvariance was detected for five items-spread across the three domains. Three of five items showed noninvariance only for sleeping hungry at night in the past 4 weeks. As the majority of items did not show evidence of noninvariance, differences in latent mean scores likely reflect actual differences and may not be attributable to measurement artifacts.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Using state-of-the-art statistical techniques on a widely used instrument for measuring exposure to violence among women, this study provides support for the subscales of psychological, physical and sexual violence in a Kenyan AGYW population. The instrument supports comparisons across groups within this population. This is crucial when comparing violence against girls/women prevalence rates and to understand challenges and exchange strategies to reduce abuse or violence experienced by AGYW, or women in general.Benedict O OrindiAbdhalah ZirabaLuk BruyneelSian FloydEmmanuel LesaffrePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258651 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Benedict O Orindi Abdhalah Ziraba Luk Bruyneel Sian Floyd Emmanuel Lesaffre Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.
description	<h4>Introduction</h4>To make valid comparisons across groups, a measurement instrument needs to be measurement invariant across those groups. The present study evaluates measurement invariance for experience of violence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.<h4>Methods</h4>We used survey data collected from 1,081 AGYW aged 15-22 years from two Nairobi's informal settlements of Korogocho (n = 617) and Viwandani (n = 464) in 2017 through DREAMS (an initiative aimed at reducing HIV incidence among AGYW with a core package of evidence-based interventions) impact evaluation project. Experience of violence was measured using the 15-item WHO's violence against women instrument, and factorial (non)invariance assessed within exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) framework. Cross-group measurement invariance was assessed using Bayesian Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model across site, age groups, self-reported invitation to participate in DREAMS, marital status, currently in school, education level, religion, ethnic groups, ever had sex, slept hungry at night past 4 weeks, and wealth index.<h4>Results</h4>The mean and median ages of the AGYW were 17.9 years and 17 years, respectively. About 59% reported having had sex and 58% of AGYW were in school. The percentage reporting each act of violence varied from 1.6% ("attacked you with a weapon") to 26.5% ("insult you or make you feel bad about yourself"). About 44% (n = 474) of participants experienced ≥1 acts of violence, and 2.7% (n = 29) experienced at least half of the 15 acts. The structure underlying the 15 items was configurally similar to that proposed by WHO, with three factors reflecting either psychological, physical, or sexual violence. Noninvariance was detected for five items-spread across the three domains. Three of five items showed noninvariance only for sleeping hungry at night in the past 4 weeks. As the majority of items did not show evidence of noninvariance, differences in latent mean scores likely reflect actual differences and may not be attributable to measurement artifacts.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Using state-of-the-art statistical techniques on a widely used instrument for measuring exposure to violence among women, this study provides support for the subscales of psychological, physical and sexual violence in a Kenyan AGYW population. The instrument supports comparisons across groups within this population. This is crucial when comparing violence against girls/women prevalence rates and to understand challenges and exchange strategies to reduce abuse or violence experienced by AGYW, or women in general.
format	article
author	Benedict O Orindi Abdhalah Ziraba Luk Bruyneel Sian Floyd Emmanuel Lesaffre
author_facet	Benedict O Orindi Abdhalah Ziraba Luk Bruyneel Sian Floyd Emmanuel Lesaffre
author_sort	Benedict O Orindi
title	Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.
title_short	Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.
title_full	Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.
title_fullStr	Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.
title_full_unstemmed	Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.
title_sort	invariance of the who violence against women instrument among kenyan adolescent girls and young women: bayesian psychometric modeling.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50235174d3784956a857bf20c1fa4048
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Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling.

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