New insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.

Apoptosis is an essential biological process in the development and maintenance of immune system homeostasis. Caspase proteins constitute the core of the apoptotic machinery and can be categorized as either initiators or effectors of apoptosis. Although the genes encoding caspase proteins have been...

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Autores principales:	Alejandro Romero, Noelia Estévez-Calvar, Sonia Dios, Antonio Figueras, Beatriz Novoa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50286b0f7c5647a6a177f8046f4a3abf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50286b0f7c5647a6a177f8046f4a3abf2021-11-18T06:58:53ZNew insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0017003https://doaj.org/article/50286b0f7c5647a6a177f8046f4a3abf2011-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21347300/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Apoptosis is an essential biological process in the development and maintenance of immune system homeostasis. Caspase proteins constitute the core of the apoptotic machinery and can be categorized as either initiators or effectors of apoptosis. Although the genes encoding caspase proteins have been described in vertebrates and in almost all invertebrate phyla, there are few reports describing the initiator and executioner caspases or the modulation of their expression by different stimuli in different apoptotic pathways in bivalves. In the present work, we characterized two initiator and four executioner caspases in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Both initiators and executioners showed structural features that make them different from other caspase proteins already described. Evaluation of the genes' tissue expression patterns revealed extremely high expression levels within the gland and gills, where the apoptotic process is highly active due to the clearance of damaged cells. Hemocytes also showed high expression values, probably due to of the role of apoptosis in the defense against pathogens. To understand the mechanisms of caspase gene regulation, hemocytes were treated with UV-light, environmental pollutants and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and apoptosis was evaluated by microscopy, flow cytometry and qPCR techniques. Our results suggest that the apoptotic process could be tightly regulated in bivalve mollusks by overexpression/suppression of caspase genes; additionally, there is evidence of caspase-specific responses to pathogens and pollutants. The apoptotic process in mollusks has a similar complexity to that of vertebrates, but presents unique features that may be related to recurrent exposure to environmental changes, pollutants and pathogens imposed by their sedentary nature.Alejandro RomeroNoelia Estévez-CalvarSonia DiosAntonio FiguerasBeatriz NovoaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 2, p e17003 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alejandro Romero Noelia Estévez-Calvar Sonia Dios Antonio Figueras Beatriz Novoa New insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.
description	Apoptosis is an essential biological process in the development and maintenance of immune system homeostasis. Caspase proteins constitute the core of the apoptotic machinery and can be categorized as either initiators or effectors of apoptosis. Although the genes encoding caspase proteins have been described in vertebrates and in almost all invertebrate phyla, there are few reports describing the initiator and executioner caspases or the modulation of their expression by different stimuli in different apoptotic pathways in bivalves. In the present work, we characterized two initiator and four executioner caspases in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Both initiators and executioners showed structural features that make them different from other caspase proteins already described. Evaluation of the genes' tissue expression patterns revealed extremely high expression levels within the gland and gills, where the apoptotic process is highly active due to the clearance of damaged cells. Hemocytes also showed high expression values, probably due to of the role of apoptosis in the defense against pathogens. To understand the mechanisms of caspase gene regulation, hemocytes were treated with UV-light, environmental pollutants and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and apoptosis was evaluated by microscopy, flow cytometry and qPCR techniques. Our results suggest that the apoptotic process could be tightly regulated in bivalve mollusks by overexpression/suppression of caspase genes; additionally, there is evidence of caspase-specific responses to pathogens and pollutants. The apoptotic process in mollusks has a similar complexity to that of vertebrates, but presents unique features that may be related to recurrent exposure to environmental changes, pollutants and pathogens imposed by their sedentary nature.
format	article
author	Alejandro Romero Noelia Estévez-Calvar Sonia Dios Antonio Figueras Beatriz Novoa
author_facet	Alejandro Romero Noelia Estévez-Calvar Sonia Dios Antonio Figueras Beatriz Novoa
author_sort	Alejandro Romero
title	New insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_short	New insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_full	New insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_fullStr	New insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_full_unstemmed	New insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_sort	new insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in mytilus galloprovincialis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/50286b0f7c5647a6a177f8046f4a3abf
work_keys_str_mv	AT alejandroromero newinsightsintotheapoptoticprocessinmolluskscharacterizationofcaspasegenesinmytilusgalloprovincialis AT noeliaestevezcalvar newinsightsintotheapoptoticprocessinmolluskscharacterizationofcaspasegenesinmytilusgalloprovincialis AT soniadios newinsightsintotheapoptoticprocessinmolluskscharacterizationofcaspasegenesinmytilusgalloprovincialis AT antoniofigueras newinsightsintotheapoptoticprocessinmolluskscharacterizationofcaspasegenesinmytilusgalloprovincialis AT beatriznovoa newinsightsintotheapoptoticprocessinmolluskscharacterizationofcaspasegenesinmytilusgalloprovincialis
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New insights into the apoptotic process in mollusks: characterization of caspase genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis.

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