No consistent startle modulation by reward

Abstract Previous studies have not clearly demonstrated whether motivational tendencies during reward feedback are mainly characterized by appetitive responses to a gain or mainly by aversive consequences of reward omission. In the current study this issue was addressed employing a passive head or t...

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Autores principales:	Iris Schutte, Johanna M. P. Baas, Ivo Heitland, J. Leon Kenemans
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5062e88cbb0644cfa97f2e902f28d1d3
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:5062e88cbb0644cfa97f2e902f28d1d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5062e88cbb0644cfa97f2e902f28d1d32021-12-02T10:59:18ZNo consistent startle modulation by reward10.1038/s41598-021-82902-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5062e88cbb0644cfa97f2e902f28d1d32021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82902-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Previous studies have not clearly demonstrated whether motivational tendencies during reward feedback are mainly characterized by appetitive responses to a gain or mainly by aversive consequences of reward omission. In the current study this issue was addressed employing a passive head or tails game and using the startle reflex as an index of the appetitive-aversive continuum. A second aim of the current study was to use startle-reflex modulation as a means to compare the subjective value of monetary rewards of varying magnitude. Startle responses after receiving feedback that a potential reward was won or not won were compared with a baseline condition without a potential gain. Furthermore, startle responses during anticipation of no versus potential gain were compared. Consistent with previous studies, startle-reflex magnitudes were significantly potentiated when participants anticipated a reward compared to no reward, which may reflect anticipatory arousal. Specifically for the largest reward (20-cents) startle magnitudes were potentiated when a reward was at stake but not won, compared to a neutral baseline without potential gain. In contrast, startle was not inhibited relative to baseline when a reward was won. This suggests that startle modulation during feedback is better characterized in terms of potentiation when missing out on reward rather than in terms of inhibition as a result of winning. However, neither of these effects were replicated in a more targeted second experiment. The discrepancy between these experiments may be due to differences in motivation to obtain rewards or differences in task engagement. From these experiments it may be concluded that the nature of the processing of reward feedback and reward cues is very sensitive to experimental parameters and settings. These studies show how apparently modest changes in these parameters and settings may lead to quite different modulations of appetitive/aversive motivation. A future experiment may shed more light on the question whether startle-reflex modulation after feedback is indeed mainly characterized by the aversive consequences of reward omission for relatively large rewards.Iris SchutteJohanna M. P. BaasIvo HeitlandJ. Leon KenemansNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Iris Schutte Johanna M. P. Baas Ivo Heitland J. Leon Kenemans No consistent startle modulation by reward
description	Abstract Previous studies have not clearly demonstrated whether motivational tendencies during reward feedback are mainly characterized by appetitive responses to a gain or mainly by aversive consequences of reward omission. In the current study this issue was addressed employing a passive head or tails game and using the startle reflex as an index of the appetitive-aversive continuum. A second aim of the current study was to use startle-reflex modulation as a means to compare the subjective value of monetary rewards of varying magnitude. Startle responses after receiving feedback that a potential reward was won or not won were compared with a baseline condition without a potential gain. Furthermore, startle responses during anticipation of no versus potential gain were compared. Consistent with previous studies, startle-reflex magnitudes were significantly potentiated when participants anticipated a reward compared to no reward, which may reflect anticipatory arousal. Specifically for the largest reward (20-cents) startle magnitudes were potentiated when a reward was at stake but not won, compared to a neutral baseline without potential gain. In contrast, startle was not inhibited relative to baseline when a reward was won. This suggests that startle modulation during feedback is better characterized in terms of potentiation when missing out on reward rather than in terms of inhibition as a result of winning. However, neither of these effects were replicated in a more targeted second experiment. The discrepancy between these experiments may be due to differences in motivation to obtain rewards or differences in task engagement. From these experiments it may be concluded that the nature of the processing of reward feedback and reward cues is very sensitive to experimental parameters and settings. These studies show how apparently modest changes in these parameters and settings may lead to quite different modulations of appetitive/aversive motivation. A future experiment may shed more light on the question whether startle-reflex modulation after feedback is indeed mainly characterized by the aversive consequences of reward omission for relatively large rewards.
format	article
author	Iris Schutte Johanna M. P. Baas Ivo Heitland J. Leon Kenemans
author_facet	Iris Schutte Johanna M. P. Baas Ivo Heitland J. Leon Kenemans
author_sort	Iris Schutte
title	No consistent startle modulation by reward
title_short	No consistent startle modulation by reward
title_full	No consistent startle modulation by reward
title_fullStr	No consistent startle modulation by reward
title_full_unstemmed	No consistent startle modulation by reward
title_sort	no consistent startle modulation by reward
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5062e88cbb0644cfa97f2e902f28d1d3
work_keys_str_mv	AT irisschutte noconsistentstartlemodulationbyreward AT johannampbaas noconsistentstartlemodulationbyreward AT ivoheitland noconsistentstartlemodulationbyreward AT jleonkenemans noconsistentstartlemodulationbyreward
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No consistent startle modulation by reward

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