Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)

Artificial light at night (LAN) alters the physiology and behavior of an organism; however, very little is known about phase-dependent effects of LAN, particularly, in night migratory songbirds. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the effects of LAN on daily activity and photoperiodic...

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Autores principales:	Jayant Kumar, Shalie Malik, Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj, Sangeeta Rani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	bunting light at night melatonin migratory photoperiodic response Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/506d9392d9de461a9272694977aeaebf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:506d9392d9de461a9272694977aeaebf2021-11-08T07:21:56ZImpact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)2296-701X10.3389/fevo.2021.751072https://doaj.org/article/506d9392d9de461a9272694977aeaebf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.751072/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-701XArtificial light at night (LAN) alters the physiology and behavior of an organism; however, very little is known about phase-dependent effects of LAN, particularly, in night migratory songbirds. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the effects of LAN on daily activity and photoperiodic responses in the Palearctic Indian migratory songbird, redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps), is dependent on the different phases of the night. Male buntings maintained under short photoperiod (8L:16D; L = 100 lux, D < 0.1 lux) in individual activity cages were exposed to LAN (2 lux) for 6 weeks either in 4 h bin given at the different phases of 16 h night (early, mid, or late at ZT 08–12, ZT 14–18, or ZT 20–24, respectively; n = 9 each group) or throughout 16 h night (all night light, n = 6, ZT 08–24, the time of lights ON was considered as Zeitgeber time 0, ZT 0). A group (n = 6) with no LAN served as control. The results showed that LAN at the different phases of night induced differential effects as shown by an intense activity during the night, altered melatonin and temperature rhythms, and showed an increase in body mass and body fattening, food intake, and gonadal size. Midnight light exposure has a greater impact on migration and reproduction linked phenotypes, which is similar to the ones that received light throughout the night. The highlights of this study are that (i) LAN impacts day-night activity behavior, (ii) its continuity with the day alters the perception of day length, (iii) birds showed differential sensitivity to LAN in a phase-dependent manner, (iv) the direction of placing LAN affects the daily responses, e.g., LAN in the early night was “accepted” as extended dusk but the late night was considered as early dawn, and (v) midnight LAN was most effective and induced similar responses as continuous LAN. Overall, LAN induces long day responses in short days and shows differential sensitivity of the different phases of the night toward the light. This information may be valuable in adopting a part-night lighting approach to help reduce the physiological burden, such as early migration and reproduction, of artificial lighting on the nocturnal migrants.Jayant KumarShalie MalikSanjay Kumar BhardwajSangeeta RaniFrontiers Media S.A.articlebuntinglight at nightmelatoninmigratoryphotoperiodic responseEvolutionQH359-425EcologyQH540-549.5ENFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bunting light at night melatonin migratory photoperiodic response Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	bunting light at night melatonin migratory photoperiodic response Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5 Jayant Kumar Shalie Malik Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj Sangeeta Rani Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)
description	Artificial light at night (LAN) alters the physiology and behavior of an organism; however, very little is known about phase-dependent effects of LAN, particularly, in night migratory songbirds. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the effects of LAN on daily activity and photoperiodic responses in the Palearctic Indian migratory songbird, redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps), is dependent on the different phases of the night. Male buntings maintained under short photoperiod (8L:16D; L = 100 lux, D < 0.1 lux) in individual activity cages were exposed to LAN (2 lux) for 6 weeks either in 4 h bin given at the different phases of 16 h night (early, mid, or late at ZT 08–12, ZT 14–18, or ZT 20–24, respectively; n = 9 each group) or throughout 16 h night (all night light, n = 6, ZT 08–24, the time of lights ON was considered as Zeitgeber time 0, ZT 0). A group (n = 6) with no LAN served as control. The results showed that LAN at the different phases of night induced differential effects as shown by an intense activity during the night, altered melatonin and temperature rhythms, and showed an increase in body mass and body fattening, food intake, and gonadal size. Midnight light exposure has a greater impact on migration and reproduction linked phenotypes, which is similar to the ones that received light throughout the night. The highlights of this study are that (i) LAN impacts day-night activity behavior, (ii) its continuity with the day alters the perception of day length, (iii) birds showed differential sensitivity to LAN in a phase-dependent manner, (iv) the direction of placing LAN affects the daily responses, e.g., LAN in the early night was “accepted” as extended dusk but the late night was considered as early dawn, and (v) midnight LAN was most effective and induced similar responses as continuous LAN. Overall, LAN induces long day responses in short days and shows differential sensitivity of the different phases of the night toward the light. This information may be valuable in adopting a part-night lighting approach to help reduce the physiological burden, such as early migration and reproduction, of artificial lighting on the nocturnal migrants.
format	article
author	Jayant Kumar Shalie Malik Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj Sangeeta Rani
author_facet	Jayant Kumar Shalie Malik Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj Sangeeta Rani
author_sort	Jayant Kumar
title	Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)
title_short	Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)
title_full	Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)
title_fullStr	Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)
title_sort	impact of light at night is phase dependent: a study on migratory redheaded bunting (emberiza bruniceps)
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/506d9392d9de461a9272694977aeaebf
work_keys_str_mv	AT jayantkumar impactoflightatnightisphasedependentastudyonmigratoryredheadedbuntingemberizabruniceps AT shaliemalik impactoflightatnightisphasedependentastudyonmigratoryredheadedbuntingemberizabruniceps AT sanjaykumarbhardwaj impactoflightatnightisphasedependentastudyonmigratoryredheadedbuntingemberizabruniceps AT sangeetarani impactoflightatnightisphasedependentastudyonmigratoryredheadedbuntingemberizabruniceps
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Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)

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