Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm

Among the plethora of debilitating neurological disorders of COVID-19 syndrome in survivors, the scope of SARS-CoV-2-induced dysautonomia (DNS) is yet to be understood, though the implications are enormous. Herein, we present an inclusive mini-review of SARS-CoV-2-induced DNS and its associated comp...

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Autores principales:	Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Safaa Qusti, Eida M. Alshammari, Gideon Ampoma. Gyebi, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SAGE Publishing 2021
Materias:	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50754ef1ebb84f9ca86b6b8567c88c44
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50754ef1ebb84f9ca86b6b8567c88c442021-11-10T23:03:22ZCovid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm1759-091410.1177/17590914211057635https://doaj.org/article/50754ef1ebb84f9ca86b6b8567c88c442021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1177/17590914211057635https://doaj.org/toc/1759-0914Among the plethora of debilitating neurological disorders of COVID-19 syndrome in survivors, the scope of SARS-CoV-2-induced dysautonomia (DNS) is yet to be understood, though the implications are enormous. Herein, we present an inclusive mini-review of SARS-CoV-2-induced DNS and its associated complications. Although, the direct link between Covid-19 and DSN is still speculative, the hypothetical links are thought to be either a direct neuronal injury of the autonomic pathway or a para/post-infectious immune-induced mechanism. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced stress may activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to neuro-hormonal stimulation and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with further development of sympathetic storm. Sympathetic over-activation in Covid-19 is correlated with increase in capillary pulmonary leakage, alveolar damage, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 can spread through pulmonary mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors to medullary respiratory center in a retrograde manner resulting in sudden respiratory failure. Taken together, DSN in Covid-19 is developed due to sympathetic storm and inhibition of Parasympathetic nervous system-mediated anti-inflammatory effect with development of cytokine storm. Therefore, sympathetic and cytokine storms together with activation of Renin-Angiotensin-System are the chief final pathway involved in the development of DSN in Covid-19.Hayder M. Al-kuraishyAli I. Al-GareebSafaa QustiEida M. AlshammariGideon Ampoma. GyebiGaber El-Saber BatihaSAGE PublishingarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENASN Neuro, Vol 13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Hayder M. Al-kuraishy Ali I. Al-Gareeb Safaa Qusti Eida M. Alshammari Gideon Ampoma. Gyebi Gaber El-Saber Batiha Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm
description	Among the plethora of debilitating neurological disorders of COVID-19 syndrome in survivors, the scope of SARS-CoV-2-induced dysautonomia (DNS) is yet to be understood, though the implications are enormous. Herein, we present an inclusive mini-review of SARS-CoV-2-induced DNS and its associated complications. Although, the direct link between Covid-19 and DSN is still speculative, the hypothetical links are thought to be either a direct neuronal injury of the autonomic pathway or a para/post-infectious immune-induced mechanism. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced stress may activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to neuro-hormonal stimulation and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with further development of sympathetic storm. Sympathetic over-activation in Covid-19 is correlated with increase in capillary pulmonary leakage, alveolar damage, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 can spread through pulmonary mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors to medullary respiratory center in a retrograde manner resulting in sudden respiratory failure. Taken together, DSN in Covid-19 is developed due to sympathetic storm and inhibition of Parasympathetic nervous system-mediated anti-inflammatory effect with development of cytokine storm. Therefore, sympathetic and cytokine storms together with activation of Renin-Angiotensin-System are the chief final pathway involved in the development of DSN in Covid-19.
format	article
author	Hayder M. Al-kuraishy Ali I. Al-Gareeb Safaa Qusti Eida M. Alshammari Gideon Ampoma. Gyebi Gaber El-Saber Batiha
author_facet	Hayder M. Al-kuraishy Ali I. Al-Gareeb Safaa Qusti Eida M. Alshammari Gideon Ampoma. Gyebi Gaber El-Saber Batiha
author_sort	Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
title	Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm
title_short	Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm
title_full	Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm
title_fullStr	Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm
title_full_unstemmed	Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm
title_sort	covid-19-induced dysautonomia: a menace of sympathetic storm
publisher	SAGE Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50754ef1ebb84f9ca86b6b8567c88c44
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Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm

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