Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens

Soil-borne pathogens can severely limit plant productivity. Induced defense responses are plant strategies to counteract pathogen-related damage and yield loss. In this study, we hypothesized that benzoic acid and lettucenin A are involved as defense compounds against <i>Rhizoctonia solani<...

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Autores principales:	Saskia Windisch, Anja Walter, Narges Moradtalab, Frank Walker, Birgit Höglinger, Abbas El-Hasan, Uwe Ludewig, Günter Neumann, Rita Grosch
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	lettuce root exudates plant health phytoalexin lettucenin benzoic acid Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50947a6ab038443680ca32dc9fc916e4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50947a6ab038443680ca32dc9fc916e42021-11-25T18:45:29ZRole of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens10.3390/plants101123362223-7747https://doaj.org/article/50947a6ab038443680ca32dc9fc916e42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2336https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Soil-borne pathogens can severely limit plant productivity. Induced defense responses are plant strategies to counteract pathogen-related damage and yield loss. In this study, we hypothesized that benzoic acid and lettucenin A are involved as defense compounds against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Olpidium virulentus</i> in lettuce. To address this hypothesis, we conducted growth chamber experiments using hydroponics, peat culture substrate and soil culture in pots and minirhizotrons. Benzoic acid was identified as root exudate released from lettuce plants upon pathogen infection, with pre-accumulation of benzoic acid esters in the root tissue. The amounts were sufficient to inhibit hyphal growth of <i>R. solani</i> in vitro (30%), to mitigate growth retardation (51%) and damage of fine roots (130%) in lettuce plants caused by <i>R. solani</i>, but were not able to overcome plant growth suppression induced by <i>Olpidium</i> infection. Additionally, lettucenin A was identified as major phytoalexin, with local accumulation in affected plant tissues upon infection with pathogens or chemical elicitation (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) and detected in trace amounts in root exudates. The results suggest a two-stage defense mechanism with pathogen-induced benzoic acid exudation initially located in the rhizosphere followed by accumulation of lettucenin A locally restricted to affected root and leaf tissues.Saskia WindischAnja WalterNarges MoradtalabFrank WalkerBirgit HöglingerAbbas El-HasanUwe LudewigGünter NeumannRita GroschMDPI AGarticlelettuceroot exudatesplant healthphytoalexinlettuceninbenzoic acidBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2336, p 2336 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lettuce root exudates plant health phytoalexin lettucenin benzoic acid Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	lettuce root exudates plant health phytoalexin lettucenin benzoic acid Botany QK1-989 Saskia Windisch Anja Walter Narges Moradtalab Frank Walker Birgit Höglinger Abbas El-Hasan Uwe Ludewig Günter Neumann Rita Grosch Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens
description	Soil-borne pathogens can severely limit plant productivity. Induced defense responses are plant strategies to counteract pathogen-related damage and yield loss. In this study, we hypothesized that benzoic acid and lettucenin A are involved as defense compounds against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Olpidium virulentus</i> in lettuce. To address this hypothesis, we conducted growth chamber experiments using hydroponics, peat culture substrate and soil culture in pots and minirhizotrons. Benzoic acid was identified as root exudate released from lettuce plants upon pathogen infection, with pre-accumulation of benzoic acid esters in the root tissue. The amounts were sufficient to inhibit hyphal growth of <i>R. solani</i> in vitro (30%), to mitigate growth retardation (51%) and damage of fine roots (130%) in lettuce plants caused by <i>R. solani</i>, but were not able to overcome plant growth suppression induced by <i>Olpidium</i> infection. Additionally, lettucenin A was identified as major phytoalexin, with local accumulation in affected plant tissues upon infection with pathogens or chemical elicitation (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) and detected in trace amounts in root exudates. The results suggest a two-stage defense mechanism with pathogen-induced benzoic acid exudation initially located in the rhizosphere followed by accumulation of lettucenin A locally restricted to affected root and leaf tissues.
format	article
author	Saskia Windisch Anja Walter Narges Moradtalab Frank Walker Birgit Höglinger Abbas El-Hasan Uwe Ludewig Günter Neumann Rita Grosch
author_facet	Saskia Windisch Anja Walter Narges Moradtalab Frank Walker Birgit Höglinger Abbas El-Hasan Uwe Ludewig Günter Neumann Rita Grosch
author_sort	Saskia Windisch
title	Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens
title_short	Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens
title_full	Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens
title_fullStr	Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed	Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens
title_sort	role of benzoic acid and lettucenin a in the defense response of lettuce against soil-borne pathogens
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50947a6ab038443680ca32dc9fc916e4
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Role of Benzoic Acid and Lettucenin A in the Defense Response of Lettuce against Soil-Borne Pathogens

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