Progressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft

(1) Background: Continuing to observe the grafted bone mineral density (BMD) is essential to ensure the success of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in patients with cleft lip and palate. This study elaborates on three methods that can be used to evaluate the progressive BMD. (2) Methods: Forty patients...

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Autores principales:	Pin-Ru Chen, Yu-Ching Lin, Betty Chien-Jung Pai, Hsiao-Jung Tseng, Lun-Jou Lo, Pang-Yun Chou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	alveolar bone grafting alveolar cleft bone mineral density density enhancement rate cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/509d8d36460f4ba29ee9ba4468feacae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:509d8d36460f4ba29ee9ba4468feacae2021-11-11T17:45:57ZProgressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft10.3390/jcm102151432077-0383https://doaj.org/article/509d8d36460f4ba29ee9ba4468feacae2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/5143https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383(1) Background: Continuing to observe the grafted bone mineral density (BMD) is essential to ensure the success of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in patients with cleft lip and palate. This study elaborates on three methods that can be used to evaluate the progressive BMD. (2) Methods: Forty patients with unilateral or bilateral clefts receiving ABG were enrolled. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken at 6 months (T1) and 2 years (T2) postoperatively. In CBCT, measurements were obtained on three different planes using the circle located 1 mm from the adjacent teeth (Method A), the largest circle within the defect (Method B), or the central circle with a diameter of 2 mm (Method C). The BMD was the average density of the three planes and was adjusted by pogonion density. Bland–Altman plots were used to evaluate the agreement of each method. Inter-rater reliability was confirmed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). (3) Results: For Method A, B, and C, the mean-adjusted BMD (BMD/pogonion density, BMD<sub>a</sub>) was 17.44%, 17.88%, and 17.69%, respectively, at T1 (<i>p</i> = 0.495), and 22.51%, 22.87%, and 22.74%, respectively, at T2 (<i>p</i> = 0.690); the density enhancement rates were 40.54%, 38.92%, and 43.15% (<i>p</i> = 0.382). Significant differences between the BMD<sub>a</sub> at T1 and T2 were observed (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.001, for Method A, B, and C, respectively). The volume of the grafted tissue remained stable during T1 and T2, and no significant correlation between density enhancement rate and volume loss was observed. (4) Conclusions: A significant increase in the BMD of grafted tissue was observed in the 2-year postoperative follow-up. The three methods for measuring BMD<sub>a</sub> via CBCT can be applied in post-ABG evaluations.Pin-Ru ChenYu-Ching LinBetty Chien-Jung PaiHsiao-Jung TsengLun-Jou LoPang-Yun ChouMDPI AGarticlealveolar bone graftingalveolar cleftbone mineral densitydensity enhancement ratecone beam computed tomography (CBCT)MedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5143, p 5143 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alveolar bone grafting alveolar cleft bone mineral density density enhancement rate cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) Medicine R
spellingShingle	alveolar bone grafting alveolar cleft bone mineral density density enhancement rate cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) Medicine R Pin-Ru Chen Yu-Ching Lin Betty Chien-Jung Pai Hsiao-Jung Tseng Lun-Jou Lo Pang-Yun Chou Progressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft
description	(1) Background: Continuing to observe the grafted bone mineral density (BMD) is essential to ensure the success of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in patients with cleft lip and palate. This study elaborates on three methods that can be used to evaluate the progressive BMD. (2) Methods: Forty patients with unilateral or bilateral clefts receiving ABG were enrolled. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken at 6 months (T1) and 2 years (T2) postoperatively. In CBCT, measurements were obtained on three different planes using the circle located 1 mm from the adjacent teeth (Method A), the largest circle within the defect (Method B), or the central circle with a diameter of 2 mm (Method C). The BMD was the average density of the three planes and was adjusted by pogonion density. Bland–Altman plots were used to evaluate the agreement of each method. Inter-rater reliability was confirmed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). (3) Results: For Method A, B, and C, the mean-adjusted BMD (BMD/pogonion density, BMD<sub>a</sub>) was 17.44%, 17.88%, and 17.69%, respectively, at T1 (<i>p</i> = 0.495), and 22.51%, 22.87%, and 22.74%, respectively, at T2 (<i>p</i> = 0.690); the density enhancement rates were 40.54%, 38.92%, and 43.15% (<i>p</i> = 0.382). Significant differences between the BMD<sub>a</sub> at T1 and T2 were observed (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.001, for Method A, B, and C, respectively). The volume of the grafted tissue remained stable during T1 and T2, and no significant correlation between density enhancement rate and volume loss was observed. (4) Conclusions: A significant increase in the BMD of grafted tissue was observed in the 2-year postoperative follow-up. The three methods for measuring BMD<sub>a</sub> via CBCT can be applied in post-ABG evaluations.
format	article
author	Pin-Ru Chen Yu-Ching Lin Betty Chien-Jung Pai Hsiao-Jung Tseng Lun-Jou Lo Pang-Yun Chou
author_facet	Pin-Ru Chen Yu-Ching Lin Betty Chien-Jung Pai Hsiao-Jung Tseng Lun-Jou Lo Pang-Yun Chou
author_sort	Pin-Ru Chen
title	Progressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft
title_short	Progressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft
title_full	Progressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft
title_fullStr	Progressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft
title_full_unstemmed	Progressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft
title_sort	progressive comparison of density assessment of alveolar bone graft in patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/509d8d36460f4ba29ee9ba4468feacae
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Progressive Comparison of Density Assessment of Alveolar Bone Graft in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft

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