Sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.

Coral reefs are under considerable pressure from global stressors such as elevated sea surface temperature and ocean acidification, as well as local factors including eutrophication and poor water quality. Marine sponges are diverse, abundant and ecologically important components of coral reefs in b...

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Autores principales:	Rachel Simister, Michael W Taylor, Peter Tsai, Nicole Webster
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50a31fdf448a49dba3fe4ae4354e8962
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50a31fdf448a49dba3fe4ae4354e89622021-11-18T08:04:16ZSponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0052220https://doaj.org/article/50a31fdf448a49dba3fe4ae4354e89622012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23284943/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Coral reefs are under considerable pressure from global stressors such as elevated sea surface temperature and ocean acidification, as well as local factors including eutrophication and poor water quality. Marine sponges are diverse, abundant and ecologically important components of coral reefs in both coastal and offshore environments. Due to their exceptionally high filtration rates, sponges also form a crucial coupling point between benthic and pelagic habitats. Sponges harbor extensive microbial communities, with many microbial phylotypes found exclusively in sponges and thought to contribute to the health and survival of their hosts. Manipulative experiments were undertaken to ascertain the impact of elevated nutrients and seawater temperature on health and microbial community dynamics in the Great Barrier Reef sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. R. odorabile exposed to elevated nutrient levels including 10 µmol/L total nitrogen at 31°C appeared visually similar to those maintained under ambient seawater conditions after 7 days. The symbiotic microbial community, analyzed by 16S rRNA gene pyrotag sequencing, was highly conserved for the duration of the experiment at both phylum and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) (97% sequence similarity) levels with 19 bacterial phyla and 1743 OTUs identified across all samples. Additionally, elevated nutrients and temperatures did not alter the archaeal associations in R. odorabile, with sequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries revealing similar Thaumarchaeota diversity and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealing consistent amoA gene patterns, across all experimental treatments. A conserved eukaryotic community was also identified across all nutrient and temperature treatments by DGGE. The highly stable microbial associations indicate that R. odorabile symbionts are capable of withstanding short-term exposure to elevated nutrient concentrations and sub-lethal temperatures.Rachel SimisterMichael W TaylorPeter TsaiNicole WebsterPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 12, p e52220 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rachel Simister Michael W Taylor Peter Tsai Nicole Webster Sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.
description	Coral reefs are under considerable pressure from global stressors such as elevated sea surface temperature and ocean acidification, as well as local factors including eutrophication and poor water quality. Marine sponges are diverse, abundant and ecologically important components of coral reefs in both coastal and offshore environments. Due to their exceptionally high filtration rates, sponges also form a crucial coupling point between benthic and pelagic habitats. Sponges harbor extensive microbial communities, with many microbial phylotypes found exclusively in sponges and thought to contribute to the health and survival of their hosts. Manipulative experiments were undertaken to ascertain the impact of elevated nutrients and seawater temperature on health and microbial community dynamics in the Great Barrier Reef sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. R. odorabile exposed to elevated nutrient levels including 10 µmol/L total nitrogen at 31°C appeared visually similar to those maintained under ambient seawater conditions after 7 days. The symbiotic microbial community, analyzed by 16S rRNA gene pyrotag sequencing, was highly conserved for the duration of the experiment at both phylum and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) (97% sequence similarity) levels with 19 bacterial phyla and 1743 OTUs identified across all samples. Additionally, elevated nutrients and temperatures did not alter the archaeal associations in R. odorabile, with sequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries revealing similar Thaumarchaeota diversity and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealing consistent amoA gene patterns, across all experimental treatments. A conserved eukaryotic community was also identified across all nutrient and temperature treatments by DGGE. The highly stable microbial associations indicate that R. odorabile symbionts are capable of withstanding short-term exposure to elevated nutrient concentrations and sub-lethal temperatures.
format	article
author	Rachel Simister Michael W Taylor Peter Tsai Nicole Webster
author_facet	Rachel Simister Michael W Taylor Peter Tsai Nicole Webster
author_sort	Rachel Simister
title	Sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.
title_short	Sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.
title_full	Sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.
title_fullStr	Sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.
title_full_unstemmed	Sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.
title_sort	sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/50a31fdf448a49dba3fe4ae4354e8962
work_keys_str_mv	AT rachelsimister spongemicrobeassociationssurvivehighnutrientsandtemperatures AT michaelwtaylor spongemicrobeassociationssurvivehighnutrientsandtemperatures AT petertsai spongemicrobeassociationssurvivehighnutrientsandtemperatures AT nicolewebster spongemicrobeassociationssurvivehighnutrientsandtemperatures
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Sponge-microbe associations survive high nutrients and temperatures.

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