3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations

Abstract In this work, we present an approach to cross-link cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with various metallic cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) to produce inks suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing application. The printability of each hydrogel ink was evaluated, and several parameters su...

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Autores principales:	J. Benedikt Mietner, Xuehe Jiang, Ulrica Edlund, Bodo Saake, Julien R. G. Navarro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50b8ca3bb62642d08b340998b11599aa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50b8ca3bb62642d08b340998b11599aa2021-12-02T11:39:27Z3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations10.1038/s41598-021-85865-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/50b8ca3bb62642d08b340998b11599aa2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85865-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In this work, we present an approach to cross-link cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with various metallic cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) to produce inks suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing application. The printability of each hydrogel ink was evaluated, and several parameters such as the optimal ratio of Mn+:TOCNF:H2O were discussed. CNF suspensions were produced by mechanical disintegration of cellulose pulp with a microfluidizer and then oxidized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). Finally, metal cations were introduced to the deprotonated TEMPO-oxidized CNF (TOCNF) suspension to cross-link the nanofibrils and form the corresponding hydrogels. The performances of each gel-ink were evaluated by rheological measurements and 3D printing. Only the gels incorporated with divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were suitable for 3D printing. The 3D printed structures were freeze-dried and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The better interaction of the TOCNFs with the divalent metallic cations in terms of printability, the viscoelastic properties of the inks, and the variation trends owing to various metal cations and ratios are discussed.J. Benedikt MietnerXuehe JiangUlrica EdlundBodo SaakeJulien R. G. NavarroNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q J. Benedikt Mietner Xuehe Jiang Ulrica Edlund Bodo Saake Julien R. G. Navarro 3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations
description	Abstract In this work, we present an approach to cross-link cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with various metallic cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) to produce inks suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing application. The printability of each hydrogel ink was evaluated, and several parameters such as the optimal ratio of Mn+:TOCNF:H2O were discussed. CNF suspensions were produced by mechanical disintegration of cellulose pulp with a microfluidizer and then oxidized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). Finally, metal cations were introduced to the deprotonated TEMPO-oxidized CNF (TOCNF) suspension to cross-link the nanofibrils and form the corresponding hydrogels. The performances of each gel-ink were evaluated by rheological measurements and 3D printing. Only the gels incorporated with divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were suitable for 3D printing. The 3D printed structures were freeze-dried and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The better interaction of the TOCNFs with the divalent metallic cations in terms of printability, the viscoelastic properties of the inks, and the variation trends owing to various metal cations and ratios are discussed.
format	article
author	J. Benedikt Mietner Xuehe Jiang Ulrica Edlund Bodo Saake Julien R. G. Navarro
author_facet	J. Benedikt Mietner Xuehe Jiang Ulrica Edlund Bodo Saake Julien R. G. Navarro
author_sort	J. Benedikt Mietner
title	3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations
title_short	3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations
title_full	3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations
title_fullStr	3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations
title_full_unstemmed	3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations
title_sort	3d printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50b8ca3bb62642d08b340998b11599aa
work_keys_str_mv	AT jbenediktmietner 3dprintingofabiobasedinkmadeofcrosslinkedcellulosenanofibrilswithvariousmetalcations AT xuehejiang 3dprintingofabiobasedinkmadeofcrosslinkedcellulosenanofibrilswithvariousmetalcations AT ulricaedlund 3dprintingofabiobasedinkmadeofcrosslinkedcellulosenanofibrilswithvariousmetalcations AT bodosaake 3dprintingofabiobasedinkmadeofcrosslinkedcellulosenanofibrilswithvariousmetalcations AT julienrgnavarro 3dprintingofabiobasedinkmadeofcrosslinkedcellulosenanofibrilswithvariousmetalcations
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3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations

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