The impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium

Abstract Background Delhaize, a major Belgian retailer, started implementing electronic shelf labels (ESL) with Nutri-Score since May 2019. Nutri-Score rates the healthfulness of packaged foods with five colours/letters from red/E (least healthy) to green/A (most healthy). This study evaluated the i...

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Autores principales:	Stefanie Vandevijvere, Nicolas Berger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Front-of-pack labeling Electronic shelf labeling Nutri-score Supermarkets Belgium Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50d39d5d09f549788a4f765a03fc875c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50d39d5d09f549788a4f765a03fc875c2021-11-21T12:42:47ZThe impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium10.1186/s12966-021-01207-71479-5868https://doaj.org/article/50d39d5d09f549788a4f765a03fc875c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01207-7https://doaj.org/toc/1479-5868Abstract Background Delhaize, a major Belgian retailer, started implementing electronic shelf labels (ESL) with Nutri-Score since May 2019. Nutri-Score rates the healthfulness of packaged foods with five colours/letters from red/E (least healthy) to green/A (most healthy). This study evaluated the impact of ESL on consumer purchases, overall, and by food category. Methods For 43 intervention stores (implementing ESL in the period 27 May 2019–19 June 2019), a control store, from the same province and retailer-assigned cluster was matched. There were 14 unique control stores. By store, weekly non-food and food sales for 2018 and 2019 were received by Nutri-Score (A/B/C/D/E) and food category according to a retailer-assigned classification system. The primary outcomes were the proportion of food sales for Nutri-Score A,B,C,D,E. Difference-in-differences regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of the ESL intervention on proportion of overall food and food category sales for Nutri-Score A,B,C,D,E, using linear mixed models to account for clustering at store-level. We controlled for store characteristics (region, cluster, non-food sales) and week of the year. Analyses were weighted to re-balance discrepancy between the number of intervention and control stores. To account for multiple testing, a Bonferroni adjustment was applied. Results Comparing pre- and post-intervention periods, difference-in-differences for the proportion of Nutri-Score B and C product sales were more favourable in intervention than control stores (0.11 ± 0.04%, p = 0.007 and − 0.06 ± 0.03%, p = 0.026 respectively), while difference-in-differences for the proportion of Nutri-Score D product sales were less favourable in intervention than control stores (0.12 ± 0.04%, p = 0.002). For 17/58 food categories (representing 29% of total food sales) a positive impact [increase in healthier (Nutri-Score A, B) and/or decrease in less healthy (Nutri-Score D, E) food sales], and for 16/58 categories (representing 24% of total food sales) a negative impact was found. Positive impacts were found for vegetable, fruit and dairy products and confectionery. Negative impacts were found for bread and bakery products. Conclusion The impact of ESL on consumer purchases was mixed. Favourable difference-in-differences were found for Nutri-Score B and C products and unfavourable difference-in-differences for Nutri-Score D products. Shelf labeling on its own is unlikely to significantly influence consumer behaviours.Stefanie VandevijvereNicolas BergerBMCarticleFront-of-pack labelingElectronic shelf labelingNutri-scoreSupermarketsBelgiumNutritional diseases. Deficiency diseasesRC620-627Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Front-of-pack labeling Electronic shelf labeling Nutri-score Supermarkets Belgium Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Front-of-pack labeling Electronic shelf labeling Nutri-score Supermarkets Belgium Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Stefanie Vandevijvere Nicolas Berger The impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium
description	Abstract Background Delhaize, a major Belgian retailer, started implementing electronic shelf labels (ESL) with Nutri-Score since May 2019. Nutri-Score rates the healthfulness of packaged foods with five colours/letters from red/E (least healthy) to green/A (most healthy). This study evaluated the impact of ESL on consumer purchases, overall, and by food category. Methods For 43 intervention stores (implementing ESL in the period 27 May 2019–19 June 2019), a control store, from the same province and retailer-assigned cluster was matched. There were 14 unique control stores. By store, weekly non-food and food sales for 2018 and 2019 were received by Nutri-Score (A/B/C/D/E) and food category according to a retailer-assigned classification system. The primary outcomes were the proportion of food sales for Nutri-Score A,B,C,D,E. Difference-in-differences regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of the ESL intervention on proportion of overall food and food category sales for Nutri-Score A,B,C,D,E, using linear mixed models to account for clustering at store-level. We controlled for store characteristics (region, cluster, non-food sales) and week of the year. Analyses were weighted to re-balance discrepancy between the number of intervention and control stores. To account for multiple testing, a Bonferroni adjustment was applied. Results Comparing pre- and post-intervention periods, difference-in-differences for the proportion of Nutri-Score B and C product sales were more favourable in intervention than control stores (0.11 ± 0.04%, p = 0.007 and − 0.06 ± 0.03%, p = 0.026 respectively), while difference-in-differences for the proportion of Nutri-Score D product sales were less favourable in intervention than control stores (0.12 ± 0.04%, p = 0.002). For 17/58 food categories (representing 29% of total food sales) a positive impact [increase in healthier (Nutri-Score A, B) and/or decrease in less healthy (Nutri-Score D, E) food sales], and for 16/58 categories (representing 24% of total food sales) a negative impact was found. Positive impacts were found for vegetable, fruit and dairy products and confectionery. Negative impacts were found for bread and bakery products. Conclusion The impact of ESL on consumer purchases was mixed. Favourable difference-in-differences were found for Nutri-Score B and C products and unfavourable difference-in-differences for Nutri-Score D products. Shelf labeling on its own is unlikely to significantly influence consumer behaviours.
format	article
author	Stefanie Vandevijvere Nicolas Berger
author_facet	Stefanie Vandevijvere Nicolas Berger
author_sort	Stefanie Vandevijvere
title	The impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium
title_short	The impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium
title_full	The impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium
title_fullStr	The impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium
title_full_unstemmed	The impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium
title_sort	impact of shelf tags with nutri-score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in belgium
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50d39d5d09f549788a4f765a03fc875c
work_keys_str_mv	AT stefanievandevijvere theimpactofshelftagswithnutriscoreonconsumerpurchasesadifferenceindifferenceanalysisofanaturalexperimentinsupermarketsofamajorretailerinbelgium AT nicolasberger theimpactofshelftagswithnutriscoreonconsumerpurchasesadifferenceindifferenceanalysisofanaturalexperimentinsupermarketsofamajorretailerinbelgium AT stefanievandevijvere impactofshelftagswithnutriscoreonconsumerpurchasesadifferenceindifferenceanalysisofanaturalexperimentinsupermarketsofamajorretailerinbelgium AT nicolasberger impactofshelftagswithnutriscoreonconsumerpurchasesadifferenceindifferenceanalysisofanaturalexperimentinsupermarketsofamajorretailerinbelgium
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The impact of shelf tags with Nutri-Score on consumer purchases: a difference-in-difference analysis of a natural experiment in supermarkets of a major retailer in Belgium

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