Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)

This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation (of drinking water) effects of L-Carnitine (LC) and/or calf thymus extract (TE) on immunity, antioxidant, duodenal histomorphometric, growth, and economic performance of Japanese quail. Six hundred, one day old unsexed quail were divided into four gro...

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Autores principales:	Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya, Yousef M. Alharbi, Hassan A. Abdel-Rahman, Ibrahim S. Zahran
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	quail L-carnitine thymus extract performance immunity antioxidant Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50e052841857467a9f99c70d40746674
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50e052841857467a9f99c70d407466742021-11-25T19:11:53ZEffect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)10.3390/vetsci81102512306-7381https://doaj.org/article/50e052841857467a9f99c70d407466742021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/11/251https://doaj.org/toc/2306-7381This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation (of drinking water) effects of L-Carnitine (LC) and/or calf thymus extract (TE) on immunity, antioxidant, duodenal histomorphometric, growth, and economic performance of Japanese quail. Six hundred, one day old unsexed quail were divided into four groups, the control group (G1) received plain drinking water, while G2, G3, and G4 were supplemented with LC and/or TE, respectively. The treated groups recorded a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improvement in the final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, phagocytic activity %, phagocytic index, lymphocytes %, and plasma glutathione level compared to the G1. On the other hand, these supplementations significantly lower the mortality rate %, heterophil %, H/L ratio and plasma malondialdehyde level of the supplemented groups relative to G1. The supplemented groups recorded a non-significant increase in duodenal histomorphometric parameters (villous height, villous width, surface area, and crypt depth) relative to G1. Generally, LC and/or TE improve the values of economic profile (total returns, net profit, total return/total costs %, etc.) in treated groups compared to the control one. In conclusion, L-carnitine supplementation was more effective than TE or their combination with TE in the immunological, anti-oxidative, growth, and economic performance.Ibrahim S. Abu-AlyaYousef M. AlharbiHassan A. Abdel-RahmanIbrahim S. ZahranMDPI AGarticlequailL-carnitinethymus extractperformanceimmunityantioxidantVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 251, p 251 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	quail L-carnitine thymus extract performance immunity antioxidant Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	quail L-carnitine thymus extract performance immunity antioxidant Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya Yousef M. Alharbi Hassan A. Abdel-Rahman Ibrahim S. Zahran Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)
description	This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation (of drinking water) effects of L-Carnitine (LC) and/or calf thymus extract (TE) on immunity, antioxidant, duodenal histomorphometric, growth, and economic performance of Japanese quail. Six hundred, one day old unsexed quail were divided into four groups, the control group (G1) received plain drinking water, while G2, G3, and G4 were supplemented with LC and/or TE, respectively. The treated groups recorded a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improvement in the final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, phagocytic activity %, phagocytic index, lymphocytes %, and plasma glutathione level compared to the G1. On the other hand, these supplementations significantly lower the mortality rate %, heterophil %, H/L ratio and plasma malondialdehyde level of the supplemented groups relative to G1. The supplemented groups recorded a non-significant increase in duodenal histomorphometric parameters (villous height, villous width, surface area, and crypt depth) relative to G1. Generally, LC and/or TE improve the values of economic profile (total returns, net profit, total return/total costs %, etc.) in treated groups compared to the control one. In conclusion, L-carnitine supplementation was more effective than TE or their combination with TE in the immunological, anti-oxidative, growth, and economic performance.
format	article
author	Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya Yousef M. Alharbi Hassan A. Abdel-Rahman Ibrahim S. Zahran
author_facet	Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya Yousef M. Alharbi Hassan A. Abdel-Rahman Ibrahim S. Zahran
author_sort	Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya
title	Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)
title_short	Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)
title_full	Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)
title_fullStr	Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)
title_sort	effect of l-carnitine and/or calf thymus gland extract supplementation on immunity, antioxidant, duodenal histomorphometric, growth, and economic performance of japanese quail (<i>coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50e052841857467a9f99c70d40746674
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Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Calf Thymus Gland Extract Supplementation on Immunity, Antioxidant, Duodenal Histomorphometric, Growth, and Economic Performance of Japanese Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>)

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