Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.

Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation may lead to delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) in many organ systems. Activated protein C (APC) is a known mitigator of the acute radiation syndrome. To examine the role of APC in DEARE, we used a transgenic mouse model with 2- to 3-fold inc...

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Autores principales:	Vijayalakshmi Sridharan, Kristin A Johnson, Reid D Landes, Maohua Cao, Preeti Singh, Gail Wagoner, Abdallah Hayar, Emily D Sprick, Kayla A Eveld, Anusha Bhattacharyya, Kimberly J Krager, Nukhet Aykin-Burns, Hartmut Weiler, Jose A Fernández, John H Griffin, Marjan Boerma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50e75a3eea9247aa991916479ae21a30
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50e75a3eea9247aa991916479ae21a302021-12-02T20:11:15ZSex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0252142https://doaj.org/article/50e75a3eea9247aa991916479ae21a302021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252142https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation may lead to delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) in many organ systems. Activated protein C (APC) is a known mitigator of the acute radiation syndrome. To examine the role of APC in DEARE, we used a transgenic mouse model with 2- to 3-fold increased plasma levels of APC (high in APC, APCHi). Male and female APCHi mice and wild-type littermates were exposed to 9.5 Gy γ-rays with their hind-legs (bone marrow) shielded from radiation to allow long-term survival. At 3 and 6 months after irradiation, cardiac function was measured with ultrasonography. At 3 months, radiation increased cardiac dimensions in APCHi males, while decreases were seen in wild-type females. At this early time point, APCHi mice of both sexes were more susceptible to radiation-induced changes in systolic function compared to wild-types. At 6 months, a decrease in systolic function was mainly seen in male mice of both genotypes. At 6 months, specimens of heart, small intestine and dorsal skin were collected for tissue analysis. Female APCHi mice showed the most severe radiation-induced deposition of cardiac collagens but were protected against a radiation-induced loss of microvascular density. Both male and female APCHi mice were protected against a radiation induced upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 in the heart, but this did not translate into a clear protection against immune cell infiltration. In the small intestine, the APCHi genotype had no effect on an increase in the number of myeloperoxidase positive cells (seen mostly in females) or an increase in the expression of T-cell marker CD2 (males). Lastly, both male and female APCHi mice were protected against radiation-induced epidermal thickening and increase in 3-nitrotyrosine positive keratinocytes. In conclusion, prolonged high levels of APC in a transgenic mouse model had little effects on indicators of DEARE in the heart, small intestine and skin, with some differential effects in male compared to female mice.Vijayalakshmi SridharanKristin A JohnsonReid D LandesMaohua CaoPreeti SinghGail WagonerAbdallah HayarEmily D SprickKayla A EveldAnusha BhattacharyyaKimberly J KragerNukhet Aykin-BurnsHartmut WeilerJose A FernándezJohn H GriffinMarjan BoermaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0252142 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Vijayalakshmi Sridharan Kristin A Johnson Reid D Landes Maohua Cao Preeti Singh Gail Wagoner Abdallah Hayar Emily D Sprick Kayla A Eveld Anusha Bhattacharyya Kimberly J Krager Nukhet Aykin-Burns Hartmut Weiler Jose A Fernández John H Griffin Marjan Boerma Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.
description	Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation may lead to delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) in many organ systems. Activated protein C (APC) is a known mitigator of the acute radiation syndrome. To examine the role of APC in DEARE, we used a transgenic mouse model with 2- to 3-fold increased plasma levels of APC (high in APC, APCHi). Male and female APCHi mice and wild-type littermates were exposed to 9.5 Gy γ-rays with their hind-legs (bone marrow) shielded from radiation to allow long-term survival. At 3 and 6 months after irradiation, cardiac function was measured with ultrasonography. At 3 months, radiation increased cardiac dimensions in APCHi males, while decreases were seen in wild-type females. At this early time point, APCHi mice of both sexes were more susceptible to radiation-induced changes in systolic function compared to wild-types. At 6 months, a decrease in systolic function was mainly seen in male mice of both genotypes. At 6 months, specimens of heart, small intestine and dorsal skin were collected for tissue analysis. Female APCHi mice showed the most severe radiation-induced deposition of cardiac collagens but were protected against a radiation-induced loss of microvascular density. Both male and female APCHi mice were protected against a radiation induced upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 in the heart, but this did not translate into a clear protection against immune cell infiltration. In the small intestine, the APCHi genotype had no effect on an increase in the number of myeloperoxidase positive cells (seen mostly in females) or an increase in the expression of T-cell marker CD2 (males). Lastly, both male and female APCHi mice were protected against radiation-induced epidermal thickening and increase in 3-nitrotyrosine positive keratinocytes. In conclusion, prolonged high levels of APC in a transgenic mouse model had little effects on indicators of DEARE in the heart, small intestine and skin, with some differential effects in male compared to female mice.
format	article
author	Vijayalakshmi Sridharan Kristin A Johnson Reid D Landes Maohua Cao Preeti Singh Gail Wagoner Abdallah Hayar Emily D Sprick Kayla A Eveld Anusha Bhattacharyya Kimberly J Krager Nukhet Aykin-Burns Hartmut Weiler Jose A Fernández John H Griffin Marjan Boerma
author_facet	Vijayalakshmi Sridharan Kristin A Johnson Reid D Landes Maohua Cao Preeti Singh Gail Wagoner Abdallah Hayar Emily D Sprick Kayla A Eveld Anusha Bhattacharyya Kimberly J Krager Nukhet Aykin-Burns Hartmut Weiler Jose A Fernández John H Griffin Marjan Boerma
author_sort	Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
title	Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.
title_short	Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.
title_full	Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.
title_fullStr	Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.
title_full_unstemmed	Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.
title_sort	sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein c on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50e75a3eea9247aa991916479ae21a30
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Sex-dependent effects of genetic upregulation of activated protein C on delayed effects of acute radiation exposure in the mouse heart, small intestine, and skin.

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