Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia

Systemic inflammation is thought to underlie many of the metabolic manifestations of cachexia in cancer patients. The complement system is an important component of innate immunity that has been shown to contribute to metabolic inflammation. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation in patients wit...

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Autores principales:	Min Deng, Rianne D. W. Vaes, Annemarie A. J. H. M. van Bijnen, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Sander S. Rensen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cancer cachexia complement system activation inflammation Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50e88f3df25541a1969440aef39fbfde
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50e88f3df25541a1969440aef39fbfde2021-11-25T17:03:46ZActivation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia10.3390/cancers132257672072-6694https://doaj.org/article/50e88f3df25541a1969440aef39fbfde2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5767https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Systemic inflammation is thought to underlie many of the metabolic manifestations of cachexia in cancer patients. The complement system is an important component of innate immunity that has been shown to contribute to metabolic inflammation. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia was associated with complement activation. Systemic C3a levels were higher in cachectic patients with inflammation (<i>n</i> = 23, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 10 mg/L) as compared to patients without inflammation (<i>n</i> = 26, CRP < 10 mg/L) or without cachexia (<i>n</i> = 13) (medians 102.4 (IQR 89.4–158.0) vs. 81.4 (IQR 47.9–124.0) vs. 61.6 (IQR 46.8–86.8) ng/mL, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.0186). Accordingly, terminal complement complex (TCC) concentrations gradually increased in these patient groups (medians 2298 (IQR 2022–3058) vs. 1939 (IQR 1725–2311) vs. 1805 (IQR 1552–2569) mAU/mL, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.0511). C3a and TCC concentrations were strongly correlated (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.468, <i>p</i> = 0.0005). Although concentrations of C1q and mannose-binding lectin did not differ between groups, C1q levels were correlated with both C3a and TCC concentrations (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.394, <i>p</i> = 0.0042 and r<sub>s</sub> = 0.300, <i>p</i> = 0.0188, respectively). In conclusion, systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia is associated with the activation of key effector complement factors. The correlations between C1q and C3a/TCC suggest that the classical complement pathway could play a role in complement activation in patients with pancreatic cancer.Min DengRianne D. W. VaesAnnemarie A. J. H. M. van BijnenSteven W. M. Olde DaminkSander S. RensenMDPI AGarticlecancer cachexiacomplement system activationinflammationNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5767, p 5767 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cancer cachexia complement system activation inflammation Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	cancer cachexia complement system activation inflammation Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Min Deng Rianne D. W. Vaes Annemarie A. J. H. M. van Bijnen Steven W. M. Olde Damink Sander S. Rensen Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia
description	Systemic inflammation is thought to underlie many of the metabolic manifestations of cachexia in cancer patients. The complement system is an important component of innate immunity that has been shown to contribute to metabolic inflammation. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia was associated with complement activation. Systemic C3a levels were higher in cachectic patients with inflammation (<i>n</i> = 23, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 10 mg/L) as compared to patients without inflammation (<i>n</i> = 26, CRP < 10 mg/L) or without cachexia (<i>n</i> = 13) (medians 102.4 (IQR 89.4–158.0) vs. 81.4 (IQR 47.9–124.0) vs. 61.6 (IQR 46.8–86.8) ng/mL, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.0186). Accordingly, terminal complement complex (TCC) concentrations gradually increased in these patient groups (medians 2298 (IQR 2022–3058) vs. 1939 (IQR 1725–2311) vs. 1805 (IQR 1552–2569) mAU/mL, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.0511). C3a and TCC concentrations were strongly correlated (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.468, <i>p</i> = 0.0005). Although concentrations of C1q and mannose-binding lectin did not differ between groups, C1q levels were correlated with both C3a and TCC concentrations (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.394, <i>p</i> = 0.0042 and r<sub>s</sub> = 0.300, <i>p</i> = 0.0188, respectively). In conclusion, systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia is associated with the activation of key effector complement factors. The correlations between C1q and C3a/TCC suggest that the classical complement pathway could play a role in complement activation in patients with pancreatic cancer.
format	article
author	Min Deng Rianne D. W. Vaes Annemarie A. J. H. M. van Bijnen Steven W. M. Olde Damink Sander S. Rensen
author_facet	Min Deng Rianne D. W. Vaes Annemarie A. J. H. M. van Bijnen Steven W. M. Olde Damink Sander S. Rensen
author_sort	Min Deng
title	Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia
title_short	Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia
title_full	Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia
title_fullStr	Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia
title_full_unstemmed	Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia
title_sort	activation of the complement system in patients with cancer cachexia
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50e88f3df25541a1969440aef39fbfde
work_keys_str_mv	AT mindeng activationofthecomplementsysteminpatientswithcancercachexia AT riannedwvaes activationofthecomplementsysteminpatientswithcancercachexia AT annemarieajhmvanbijnen activationofthecomplementsysteminpatientswithcancercachexia AT stevenwmoldedamink activationofthecomplementsysteminpatientswithcancercachexia AT sandersrensen activationofthecomplementsysteminpatientswithcancercachexia
_version_	1718412774126649344

Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia

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