Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan

Abstract Kaolin deposits in the Seto-Tono district, central Japan, were formed by intense kaolinization of lacustrine arkose sediments deposited in small and shallow inland lakes in the late Miocene. Based on mineralogical and stable isotopic (Fe, C, N) studies of Motoyama kaolin deposit in the Seto...

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Autores principales:	Tetsuichi Takagi, Ki-Cheol Shin, Mayumi Jige, Mihoko Hoshino, Katsuhiro Tsukimura
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/50efe4e631e544a69e1349e004ea1714
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:50efe4e631e544a69e1349e004ea17142021-12-02T14:11:32ZMicrobial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan10.1038/s41598-021-81627-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/50efe4e631e544a69e1349e004ea17142021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81627-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Kaolin deposits in the Seto-Tono district, central Japan, were formed by intense kaolinization of lacustrine arkose sediments deposited in small and shallow inland lakes in the late Miocene. Based on mineralogical and stable isotopic (Fe, C, N) studies of Motoyama kaolin deposit in the Seto area, we concluded that it was formed by microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments underneath an inland lake. Small amounts of Fe–Ti oxides and Fe-hydroxide in the kaolin clay indicated that iron was oxidized and leached during the kaolinization. The field occurrences indicate that leached ferric iron precipitated on the bottom of the kaolin deposit as limonite crusts, and their significantly fractionated Fe isotope compositions suggest the involvement of microbial activity. The C/N ratios of most of the kaolin clay are distinctly higher than those of modern lacustrine sediment. Although, the possibility of a low-temperature hydrothermal origin of the kaolin deposit cannot be completely ruled out, it is more likely that acidification by dilute nitric acid formed from plant-derived ammonia could have caused the kaolinization, Fe oxidation and leaching. The nitrate-dependent microbial Fe oxidation is consistent with dilute nitric acid being the predominant oxidant.Tetsuichi TakagiKi-Cheol ShinMayumi JigeMihoko HoshinoKatsuhiro TsukimuraNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tetsuichi Takagi Ki-Cheol Shin Mayumi Jige Mihoko Hoshino Katsuhiro Tsukimura Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan
description	Abstract Kaolin deposits in the Seto-Tono district, central Japan, were formed by intense kaolinization of lacustrine arkose sediments deposited in small and shallow inland lakes in the late Miocene. Based on mineralogical and stable isotopic (Fe, C, N) studies of Motoyama kaolin deposit in the Seto area, we concluded that it was formed by microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments underneath an inland lake. Small amounts of Fe–Ti oxides and Fe-hydroxide in the kaolin clay indicated that iron was oxidized and leached during the kaolinization. The field occurrences indicate that leached ferric iron precipitated on the bottom of the kaolin deposit as limonite crusts, and their significantly fractionated Fe isotope compositions suggest the involvement of microbial activity. The C/N ratios of most of the kaolin clay are distinctly higher than those of modern lacustrine sediment. Although, the possibility of a low-temperature hydrothermal origin of the kaolin deposit cannot be completely ruled out, it is more likely that acidification by dilute nitric acid formed from plant-derived ammonia could have caused the kaolinization, Fe oxidation and leaching. The nitrate-dependent microbial Fe oxidation is consistent with dilute nitric acid being the predominant oxidant.
format	article
author	Tetsuichi Takagi Ki-Cheol Shin Mayumi Jige Mihoko Hoshino Katsuhiro Tsukimura
author_facet	Tetsuichi Takagi Ki-Cheol Shin Mayumi Jige Mihoko Hoshino Katsuhiro Tsukimura
author_sort	Tetsuichi Takagi
title	Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan
title_short	Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan
title_full	Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan
title_fullStr	Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan
title_full_unstemmed	Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan
title_sort	microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central japan
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/50efe4e631e544a69e1349e004ea1714
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Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan

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