Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging

The root system is critical for the survival of nearly all land plants and a key target for improving abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient accumulation, and yield in crop species. Although many methods of root phenotyping exist, within field studies, one of the most popular methods is the extraction a...

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Autores principales:	M. R. Shao, N. Jiang, M. Li, A. Howard, K. Lehner, J. L. Mullen, S. L. Gunn, J. K. McKay, C. N. Topp
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Association for the Advancement of Science 2021
Materias:	Plant culture SB1-1110 Genetics QH426-470 Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/51102e0c60564d078925134e0d892534
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:51102e0c60564d078925134e0d8925342021-11-22T08:31:10ZComplementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging2643-651510.34133/2021/9859254https://doaj.org/article/51102e0c60564d078925134e0d8925342021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9859254https://doaj.org/toc/2643-6515The root system is critical for the survival of nearly all land plants and a key target for improving abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient accumulation, and yield in crop species. Although many methods of root phenotyping exist, within field studies, one of the most popular methods is the extraction and measurement of the upper portion of the root system, known as the root crown, followed by trait quantification based on manual measurements or 2D imaging. However, 2D techniques are inherently limited by the information available from single points of view. Here, we used X-ray computed tomography to generate highly accurate 3D models of maize root crowns and created computational pipelines capable of measuring 71 features from each sample. This approach improves estimates of the genetic contribution to root system architecture and is refined enough to detect various changes in global root system architecture over developmental time as well as more subtle changes in root distributions as a result of environmental differences. We demonstrate that root pulling force, a high-throughput method of root extraction that provides an estimate of root mass, is associated with multiple 3D traits from our pipeline. Our combined methodology can therefore be used to calibrate and interpret root pulling force measurements across a range of experimental contexts or scaled up as a stand-alone approach in large genetic studies of root system architecture.M. R. ShaoN. JiangM. LiA. HowardK. LehnerJ. L. MullenS. L. GunnJ. K. McKayC. N. ToppAmerican Association for the Advancement of SciencearticlePlant cultureSB1-1110GeneticsQH426-470BotanyQK1-989ENPlant Phenomics, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Plant culture SB1-1110 Genetics QH426-470 Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	Plant culture SB1-1110 Genetics QH426-470 Botany QK1-989 M. R. Shao N. Jiang M. Li A. Howard K. Lehner J. L. Mullen S. L. Gunn J. K. McKay C. N. Topp Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging
description	The root system is critical for the survival of nearly all land plants and a key target for improving abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient accumulation, and yield in crop species. Although many methods of root phenotyping exist, within field studies, one of the most popular methods is the extraction and measurement of the upper portion of the root system, known as the root crown, followed by trait quantification based on manual measurements or 2D imaging. However, 2D techniques are inherently limited by the information available from single points of view. Here, we used X-ray computed tomography to generate highly accurate 3D models of maize root crowns and created computational pipelines capable of measuring 71 features from each sample. This approach improves estimates of the genetic contribution to root system architecture and is refined enough to detect various changes in global root system architecture over developmental time as well as more subtle changes in root distributions as a result of environmental differences. We demonstrate that root pulling force, a high-throughput method of root extraction that provides an estimate of root mass, is associated with multiple 3D traits from our pipeline. Our combined methodology can therefore be used to calibrate and interpret root pulling force measurements across a range of experimental contexts or scaled up as a stand-alone approach in large genetic studies of root system architecture.
format	article
author	M. R. Shao N. Jiang M. Li A. Howard K. Lehner J. L. Mullen S. L. Gunn J. K. McKay C. N. Topp
author_facet	M. R. Shao N. Jiang M. Li A. Howard K. Lehner J. L. Mullen S. L. Gunn J. K. McKay C. N. Topp
author_sort	M. R. Shao
title	Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging
title_short	Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging
title_full	Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging
title_fullStr	Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging
title_full_unstemmed	Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging
title_sort	complementary phenotyping of maize root system architecture by root pulling force and x-ray imaging
publisher	American Association for the Advancement of Science
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/51102e0c60564d078925134e0d892534
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Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging

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