A Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels

Polymer nanofibers have exceptionally high surface area. This is advantageous compared to bulk polymeric structures, as nanofibrils increase the area over which materials can be transported into and out of a system, via diffusion and active transport. On the other hand, since hydrogels possess a deg...

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Autor principal:	Ilker S. Bayer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nanofiber hydrogel nanofiber hydrogel drug release gel rheology Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5113fa580416459b89db61e64dc17994
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5113fa580416459b89db61e64dc179942021-11-25T16:49:38ZA Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels10.3390/biomedicines91116122227-9059https://doaj.org/article/5113fa580416459b89db61e64dc179942021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1612https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059Polymer nanofibers have exceptionally high surface area. This is advantageous compared to bulk polymeric structures, as nanofibrils increase the area over which materials can be transported into and out of a system, via diffusion and active transport. On the other hand, since hydrogels possess a degree of flexibility very similar to natural tissue, due to their significant water content, hydrogels made from natural or biodegradable macromolecular systems can even be injectable into the human body. Due to unique interactions with water, hydrogel transport properties can be easily modified and tailored. As a result, combining nanofibers with hydrogels would truly advance biomedical applications of hydrogels, particularly in the area of sustained drug delivery. In fact, certain nanofiber networks can be transformed into hydrogels directly without the need for a hydrogel enclosure. This review discusses recent advances in the fabrication and application of biomedical nanofiber hydrogels with a strong emphasis on drug release. Most of the drug release studies and recent advances have so far focused on self-gelling nanofiber systems made from peptides or other natural proteins loaded with cancer drugs. Secondly, polysaccharide nanofiber hydrogels are being investigated, and thirdly, electrospun biodegradable polymer networks embedded in polysaccharide-based hydrogels are becoming increasingly popular. This review shows that a major outcome from these works is that nanofiber hydrogels can maintain drug release rates exceeding a few days, even extending into months, which is an extremely difficult task to achieve without the nanofiber texture. This review also demonstrates that some publications still lack careful rheological studies on nanofiber hydrogels; however, rheological properties of hydrogels can influence cell function, mechano-transduction, and cellular interactions such as growth, migration, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and morphology. Nanofiber hydrogel rheology becomes even more critical for 3D or 4D printable systems that should maintain sustained drug delivery rates.Ilker S. BayerMDPI AGarticlenanofiberhydrogelnanofiber hydrogeldrug releasegel rheologyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1612, p 1612 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nanofiber hydrogel nanofiber hydrogel drug release gel rheology Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	nanofiber hydrogel nanofiber hydrogel drug release gel rheology Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ilker S. Bayer A Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels
description	Polymer nanofibers have exceptionally high surface area. This is advantageous compared to bulk polymeric structures, as nanofibrils increase the area over which materials can be transported into and out of a system, via diffusion and active transport. On the other hand, since hydrogels possess a degree of flexibility very similar to natural tissue, due to their significant water content, hydrogels made from natural or biodegradable macromolecular systems can even be injectable into the human body. Due to unique interactions with water, hydrogel transport properties can be easily modified and tailored. As a result, combining nanofibers with hydrogels would truly advance biomedical applications of hydrogels, particularly in the area of sustained drug delivery. In fact, certain nanofiber networks can be transformed into hydrogels directly without the need for a hydrogel enclosure. This review discusses recent advances in the fabrication and application of biomedical nanofiber hydrogels with a strong emphasis on drug release. Most of the drug release studies and recent advances have so far focused on self-gelling nanofiber systems made from peptides or other natural proteins loaded with cancer drugs. Secondly, polysaccharide nanofiber hydrogels are being investigated, and thirdly, electrospun biodegradable polymer networks embedded in polysaccharide-based hydrogels are becoming increasingly popular. This review shows that a major outcome from these works is that nanofiber hydrogels can maintain drug release rates exceeding a few days, even extending into months, which is an extremely difficult task to achieve without the nanofiber texture. This review also demonstrates that some publications still lack careful rheological studies on nanofiber hydrogels; however, rheological properties of hydrogels can influence cell function, mechano-transduction, and cellular interactions such as growth, migration, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and morphology. Nanofiber hydrogel rheology becomes even more critical for 3D or 4D printable systems that should maintain sustained drug delivery rates.
format	article
author	Ilker S. Bayer
author_facet	Ilker S. Bayer
author_sort	Ilker S. Bayer
title	A Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels
title_short	A Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels
title_full	A Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels
title_fullStr	A Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels
title_full_unstemmed	A Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels
title_sort	review of sustained drug release studies from nanofiber hydrogels
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5113fa580416459b89db61e64dc17994
work_keys_str_mv	AT ilkersbayer areviewofsustaineddrugreleasestudiesfromnanofiberhydrogels AT ilkersbayer reviewofsustaineddrugreleasestudiesfromnanofiberhydrogels
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A Review of Sustained Drug Release Studies from Nanofiber Hydrogels

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