GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits

Based on accumulating evidence, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to hypercholesterolemia, gut microbiota, and host metabolites. GuanXinNing Tablet (GXN) is an oral compound preparation composed of two Chinese herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., both of which exert neu...

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Autores principales:	Feng Zhang, Yanyun Xu, Liye Shen, Junjie Huang, Songtao Xu, Jiaying Li, Zhichao Sun, Jiangmin He, Minli Chen, Yongming Pan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/512ab499cea845408c826b21f51b765b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:512ab499cea845408c826b21f51b765b2021-11-08T02:35:23ZGuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits1741-428810.1155/2021/9253281https://doaj.org/article/512ab499cea845408c826b21f51b765b2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9253281https://doaj.org/toc/1741-4288Based on accumulating evidence, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to hypercholesterolemia, gut microbiota, and host metabolites. GuanXinNing Tablet (GXN) is an oral compound preparation composed of two Chinese herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., both of which exert neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, the effect of GXN on AD is unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether GXN alters cholesterol, amyloid-beta (Aβ), gut microbiota, serum metabolites, oxidative stress, neuronal metabolism activities, and apoptosis in an AD model rabbit fed a 2% cholesterol diet. Our results suggested that the GXN treatment significantly reduced cholesterol levels and Aβ deposition and improved memory and behaviors in AD rabbits. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that GXN ameliorated the changes in the gut microbiota, decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and improved the abundances of Akkermansia and dgA-11_gut_group. 1H-NMR metabolomics found that GXN regulated 12 different serum metabolites, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and glutamate (Glu). In addition, the 1H-MRS examination showed that GXN remarkably increased N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and Glu levels while reducing myo-inositol (mI) and choline (Cho) levels in AD rabbits, consequently enhancing neuronal metabolism activities. Furthermore, GXN significantly inhibited oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that GXN attenuates AD via improving gut microbiota, host metabolites, and neuronal apoptosis.Feng ZhangYanyun XuLiye ShenJunjie HuangSongtao XuJiaying LiZhichao SunJiangmin HeMinli ChenYongming PanHindawi LimitedarticleOther systems of medicineRZ201-999ENEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
spellingShingle	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999 Feng Zhang Yanyun Xu Liye Shen Junjie Huang Songtao Xu Jiaying Li Zhichao Sun Jiangmin He Minli Chen Yongming Pan GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits
description	Based on accumulating evidence, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to hypercholesterolemia, gut microbiota, and host metabolites. GuanXinNing Tablet (GXN) is an oral compound preparation composed of two Chinese herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., both of which exert neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, the effect of GXN on AD is unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether GXN alters cholesterol, amyloid-beta (Aβ), gut microbiota, serum metabolites, oxidative stress, neuronal metabolism activities, and apoptosis in an AD model rabbit fed a 2% cholesterol diet. Our results suggested that the GXN treatment significantly reduced cholesterol levels and Aβ deposition and improved memory and behaviors in AD rabbits. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that GXN ameliorated the changes in the gut microbiota, decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and improved the abundances of Akkermansia and dgA-11_gut_group. 1H-NMR metabolomics found that GXN regulated 12 different serum metabolites, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and glutamate (Glu). In addition, the 1H-MRS examination showed that GXN remarkably increased N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and Glu levels while reducing myo-inositol (mI) and choline (Cho) levels in AD rabbits, consequently enhancing neuronal metabolism activities. Furthermore, GXN significantly inhibited oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that GXN attenuates AD via improving gut microbiota, host metabolites, and neuronal apoptosis.
format	article
author	Feng Zhang Yanyun Xu Liye Shen Junjie Huang Songtao Xu Jiaying Li Zhichao Sun Jiangmin He Minli Chen Yongming Pan
author_facet	Feng Zhang Yanyun Xu Liye Shen Junjie Huang Songtao Xu Jiaying Li Zhichao Sun Jiangmin He Minli Chen Yongming Pan
author_sort	Feng Zhang
title	GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits
title_short	GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits
title_full	GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits
title_fullStr	GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits
title_full_unstemmed	GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits
title_sort	guanxinning tablet attenuates alzheimer’s disease via improving gut microbiota, host metabolites, and neuronal apoptosis in rabbits
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/512ab499cea845408c826b21f51b765b
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GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits

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