Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse

Abstract The presence of blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to effectively deliver therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS); hence, the outcomes following treatment of CNS diseases remain unsatisfactory. Fortunately, electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) provide a non-invasive method to l...

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Autores principales:	Shan Wang, Zhongguo Song, Yanning Yuan, Guozhen Guo, Jianjun Kang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5138a1500f284d3e8e99f9eda224db55
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5138a1500f284d3e8e99f9eda224db552021-11-28T12:16:44ZEffects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse10.1038/s41598-021-02396-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5138a1500f284d3e8e99f9eda224db552021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02396-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The presence of blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to effectively deliver therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS); hence, the outcomes following treatment of CNS diseases remain unsatisfactory. Fortunately, electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) provide a non-invasive method to locally open the BBB. To obtain the optimal pulse parameters of EMP-induced BBB opening to ensure the effective delivery of CNS drugs, it is particularly important to measure and assess the effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution in the human head exposed to EMPs. In this paper, the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom was adopted and the temperature increase in the human head induced by EMPs of different parameters was estimated in the software “COMSOL Multiphysics”. The results show that the temperature distribution profiles with different EMP parameters have almost similar characteristics, the highest temperature increase values in the human head are positively correlated with variations of EMP parameters, and potential hazards to the human head may occur when EMP parameters exceed the safety threshold, which will provide theoretical basis for seeking the optimal EMP parameters to open the BBB to the greatest extent within a safe range.Shan WangZhongguo SongYanning YuanGuozhen GuoJianjun KangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shan Wang Zhongguo Song Yanning Yuan Guozhen Guo Jianjun Kang Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse
description	Abstract The presence of blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to effectively deliver therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS); hence, the outcomes following treatment of CNS diseases remain unsatisfactory. Fortunately, electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) provide a non-invasive method to locally open the BBB. To obtain the optimal pulse parameters of EMP-induced BBB opening to ensure the effective delivery of CNS drugs, it is particularly important to measure and assess the effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution in the human head exposed to EMPs. In this paper, the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom was adopted and the temperature increase in the human head induced by EMPs of different parameters was estimated in the software “COMSOL Multiphysics”. The results show that the temperature distribution profiles with different EMP parameters have almost similar characteristics, the highest temperature increase values in the human head are positively correlated with variations of EMP parameters, and potential hazards to the human head may occur when EMP parameters exceed the safety threshold, which will provide theoretical basis for seeking the optimal EMP parameters to open the BBB to the greatest extent within a safe range.
format	article
author	Shan Wang Zhongguo Song Yanning Yuan Guozhen Guo Jianjun Kang
author_facet	Shan Wang Zhongguo Song Yanning Yuan Guozhen Guo Jianjun Kang
author_sort	Shan Wang
title	Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse
title_short	Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse
title_full	Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse
title_fullStr	Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse
title_sort	effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5138a1500f284d3e8e99f9eda224db55
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Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse

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