The emergence of three human development clubs.

We examine the joint distribution of levels of income per capita, life expectancy, and years of schooling across countries in 1960 and in 2000. In 1960 countries were clustered in two groups; a rich, highly educated, high longevity "developed" group and a poor, less educated, high mortalit...

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Autores principales:	Sebastian Vollmer, Hajo Holzmann, Florian Ketterer, Stephan Klasen, David Canning
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/513e1e2d45d841a6a86152fa784dd524
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:513e1e2d45d841a6a86152fa784dd5242021-11-18T07:53:43ZThe emergence of three human development clubs.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0057624https://doaj.org/article/513e1e2d45d841a6a86152fa784dd5242013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23516413/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203We examine the joint distribution of levels of income per capita, life expectancy, and years of schooling across countries in 1960 and in 2000. In 1960 countries were clustered in two groups; a rich, highly educated, high longevity "developed" group and a poor, less educated, high mortality, "underdeveloped" group. By 2000 however we see the emergence of three groups; one underdeveloped group remaining near 1960 levels, a developed group with higher levels of education, income, and health than in 1960, and an intermediate group lying between these two. This finding is consistent with both the ideas of a new "middle income trap" that countries face even if they escape the "low income trap", as well as the notion that countries which escaped the poverty trap form a temporary "transition regime" along their path to the "developed" group.Sebastian VollmerHajo HolzmannFlorian KettererStephan KlasenDavid CanningPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e57624 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sebastian Vollmer Hajo Holzmann Florian Ketterer Stephan Klasen David Canning The emergence of three human development clubs.
description	We examine the joint distribution of levels of income per capita, life expectancy, and years of schooling across countries in 1960 and in 2000. In 1960 countries were clustered in two groups; a rich, highly educated, high longevity "developed" group and a poor, less educated, high mortality, "underdeveloped" group. By 2000 however we see the emergence of three groups; one underdeveloped group remaining near 1960 levels, a developed group with higher levels of education, income, and health than in 1960, and an intermediate group lying between these two. This finding is consistent with both the ideas of a new "middle income trap" that countries face even if they escape the "low income trap", as well as the notion that countries which escaped the poverty trap form a temporary "transition regime" along their path to the "developed" group.
format	article
author	Sebastian Vollmer Hajo Holzmann Florian Ketterer Stephan Klasen David Canning
author_facet	Sebastian Vollmer Hajo Holzmann Florian Ketterer Stephan Klasen David Canning
author_sort	Sebastian Vollmer
title	The emergence of three human development clubs.
title_short	The emergence of three human development clubs.
title_full	The emergence of three human development clubs.
title_fullStr	The emergence of three human development clubs.
title_full_unstemmed	The emergence of three human development clubs.
title_sort	emergence of three human development clubs.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/513e1e2d45d841a6a86152fa784dd524
work_keys_str_mv	AT sebastianvollmer theemergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT hajoholzmann theemergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT florianketterer theemergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT stephanklasen theemergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT davidcanning theemergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT sebastianvollmer emergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT hajoholzmann emergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT florianketterer emergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT stephanklasen emergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs AT davidcanning emergenceofthreehumandevelopmentclubs
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The emergence of three human development clubs.

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