Potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.

<h4>Background</h4>Over 14 million people die each year from infectious diseases despite extensive vaccine use [1]. The needle and syringe--first invented in 1853--is still the primary delivery device, injecting liquid vaccine into muscle. Vaccines could be far more effective if they wer...

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Autores principales: Germain J P Fernando, Xianfeng Chen, Tarl W Prow, Michael L Crichton, Emily J Fairmaid, Michael S Roberts, Ian H Frazer, Lorena E Brown, Mark A F Kendall
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:513f0894b14147b3946ebd930b55e4f02021-11-25T06:24:25ZPotent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0010266https://doaj.org/article/513f0894b14147b3946ebd930b55e4f02010-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20422002/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Over 14 million people die each year from infectious diseases despite extensive vaccine use [1]. The needle and syringe--first invented in 1853--is still the primary delivery device, injecting liquid vaccine into muscle. Vaccines could be far more effective if they were precisely delivered into the narrow layer just beneath the skin surface that contains a much higher density of potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) essential to generate a protective immune response. We hypothesized that successful vaccination could be achieved this way with far lower antigen doses than required by the needle and syringe.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>To meet this objective, using a probability-based theoretical analysis for targeting skin APCs, we designed the Nanopatch, which contains an array of densely packed projections (21025/cm(2)) invisible to the human eye (110 microm in length, tapering to tips with a sharpness of <1000 nm), that are dry-coated with vaccine and applied to the skin for two minutes. Here we show that the Nanopatches deliver a seasonal influenza vaccine (Fluvax 2008) to directly contact thousands of APCs, in excellent agreement with theoretical prediction. By physically targeting vaccine directly to these cells we induced protective levels of functional antibody responses in mice and also protection against an influenza virus challenge that are comparable to the vaccine delivered intramuscularly with the needle and syringe--but with less than 1/100(th) of the delivered antigen.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our results represent a marked improvement--an order of magnitude greater than reported by others--for injected doses administered by other delivery methods, without reliance on an added adjuvant, and with only a single vaccination. This study provides a proven mathematical/engineering delivery device template for extension into human studies--and we speculate that successful translation of these findings into humans could uniquely assist with problems of vaccine shortages and distribution--together with alleviating fear of the needle and the need for trained practitioners to administer vaccine, e.g., during an influenza pandemic.Germain J P FernandoXianfeng ChenTarl W ProwMichael L CrichtonEmily J FairmaidMichael S RobertsIan H FrazerLorena E BrownMark A F KendallPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 4, p e10266 (2010)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Germain J P Fernando
Xianfeng Chen
Tarl W Prow
Michael L Crichton
Emily J Fairmaid
Michael S Roberts
Ian H Frazer
Lorena E Brown
Mark A F Kendall
Potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.
description <h4>Background</h4>Over 14 million people die each year from infectious diseases despite extensive vaccine use [1]. The needle and syringe--first invented in 1853--is still the primary delivery device, injecting liquid vaccine into muscle. Vaccines could be far more effective if they were precisely delivered into the narrow layer just beneath the skin surface that contains a much higher density of potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) essential to generate a protective immune response. We hypothesized that successful vaccination could be achieved this way with far lower antigen doses than required by the needle and syringe.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>To meet this objective, using a probability-based theoretical analysis for targeting skin APCs, we designed the Nanopatch, which contains an array of densely packed projections (21025/cm(2)) invisible to the human eye (110 microm in length, tapering to tips with a sharpness of <1000 nm), that are dry-coated with vaccine and applied to the skin for two minutes. Here we show that the Nanopatches deliver a seasonal influenza vaccine (Fluvax 2008) to directly contact thousands of APCs, in excellent agreement with theoretical prediction. By physically targeting vaccine directly to these cells we induced protective levels of functional antibody responses in mice and also protection against an influenza virus challenge that are comparable to the vaccine delivered intramuscularly with the needle and syringe--but with less than 1/100(th) of the delivered antigen.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our results represent a marked improvement--an order of magnitude greater than reported by others--for injected doses administered by other delivery methods, without reliance on an added adjuvant, and with only a single vaccination. This study provides a proven mathematical/engineering delivery device template for extension into human studies--and we speculate that successful translation of these findings into humans could uniquely assist with problems of vaccine shortages and distribution--together with alleviating fear of the needle and the need for trained practitioners to administer vaccine, e.g., during an influenza pandemic.
format article
author Germain J P Fernando
Xianfeng Chen
Tarl W Prow
Michael L Crichton
Emily J Fairmaid
Michael S Roberts
Ian H Frazer
Lorena E Brown
Mark A F Kendall
author_facet Germain J P Fernando
Xianfeng Chen
Tarl W Prow
Michael L Crichton
Emily J Fairmaid
Michael S Roberts
Ian H Frazer
Lorena E Brown
Mark A F Kendall
author_sort Germain J P Fernando
title Potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.
title_short Potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.
title_full Potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.
title_fullStr Potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.
title_full_unstemmed Potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.
title_sort potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2010
url https://doaj.org/article/513f0894b14147b3946ebd930b55e4f0
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