Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells

One of the most important needs for the future of low-cost fuel cells is the development of highly active platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts. For the oxygen reduction reaction, Fe–N–C materials have been widely studied in both acid and alkaline media. However, reported catalysts in the litera...

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Autores principales:	Horie Adabi, Pietro Giovanni Santori, Abolfazl Shakouri, Xiong Peng, Karam Yassin, Igal G. Rasin, Simon Brandon, Dario R. Dekel, Noor Ul Hassan, Moulay-Tahar Sougrati, Andrea Zitolo, John R. Varcoe, John R. Regalbuto, Frédéric Jaouen, William E. Mustain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	PGM-free AEM Fuel cell Oxygen reduction High performance Fe–N–C Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/51533d1cf99b4e6cb3e3a0b659d5a4ee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:51533d1cf99b4e6cb3e3a0b659d5a4ee2021-11-12T04:46:33ZUnderstanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells2590-049810.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100179https://doaj.org/article/51533d1cf99b4e6cb3e3a0b659d5a4ee2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590049821000497https://doaj.org/toc/2590-0498One of the most important needs for the future of low-cost fuel cells is the development of highly active platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts. For the oxygen reduction reaction, Fe–N–C materials have been widely studied in both acid and alkaline media. However, reported catalysts in the literature show quite different intrinsic activity and in-cell performance, despite similar synthesis routes and precursors. Here, two types of Fe–N–C are prepared from the same precursor and procedure – the main difference is how the precursor was handled prior to use. It is shown that in one case Fe overwhelmingly existed as highly active single-metal atoms in FeN4 coordination (preferred), while in the other case large Fe particles coexisting with few single metal atoms were obtained. As a result, there were drastic differences in the catalyst structure, activity, and especially in their performance in an operating anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). Additionally, it is shown that catalyst layers created from single-atom-dominated Fe–N–C can have excellent performance and durability in an AEMFC using H2/O2 reacting gases, achieving a peak power density of 1.8 W cm−2 – comparable to similar AEMFCs with a Pt/C cathode – and being able to operate stably for more than 100 h. Finally, the Fe–N–C cathode was paired with a low-loading PtRu/C anode electrode to create AEMFCs (on H2/O2) with a total PGM loading of only 0.135 mg cm−2 (0.090 mgPt cm−2) that was able to achieve a very high specific power of 8.4 W mgPGM−1 (12.6 W mgPt−1).Horie AdabiPietro Giovanni SantoriAbolfazl ShakouriXiong PengKaram YassinIgal G. RasinSimon BrandonDario R. DekelNoor Ul HassanMoulay-Tahar SougratiAndrea ZitoloJohn R. VarcoeJohn R. RegalbutoFrédéric JaouenWilliam E. MustainElsevierarticlePGM-freeAEMFuel cellOxygen reductionHigh performanceFe–N–CMaterials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materialsTA401-492ENMaterials Today Advances, Vol 12, Iss , Pp 100179- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	PGM-free AEM Fuel cell Oxygen reduction High performance Fe–N–C Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492
spellingShingle	PGM-free AEM Fuel cell Oxygen reduction High performance Fe–N–C Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492 Horie Adabi Pietro Giovanni Santori Abolfazl Shakouri Xiong Peng Karam Yassin Igal G. Rasin Simon Brandon Dario R. Dekel Noor Ul Hassan Moulay-Tahar Sougrati Andrea Zitolo John R. Varcoe John R. Regalbuto Frédéric Jaouen William E. Mustain Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
description	One of the most important needs for the future of low-cost fuel cells is the development of highly active platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts. For the oxygen reduction reaction, Fe–N–C materials have been widely studied in both acid and alkaline media. However, reported catalysts in the literature show quite different intrinsic activity and in-cell performance, despite similar synthesis routes and precursors. Here, two types of Fe–N–C are prepared from the same precursor and procedure – the main difference is how the precursor was handled prior to use. It is shown that in one case Fe overwhelmingly existed as highly active single-metal atoms in FeN4 coordination (preferred), while in the other case large Fe particles coexisting with few single metal atoms were obtained. As a result, there were drastic differences in the catalyst structure, activity, and especially in their performance in an operating anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). Additionally, it is shown that catalyst layers created from single-atom-dominated Fe–N–C can have excellent performance and durability in an AEMFC using H2/O2 reacting gases, achieving a peak power density of 1.8 W cm−2 – comparable to similar AEMFCs with a Pt/C cathode – and being able to operate stably for more than 100 h. Finally, the Fe–N–C cathode was paired with a low-loading PtRu/C anode electrode to create AEMFCs (on H2/O2) with a total PGM loading of only 0.135 mg cm−2 (0.090 mgPt cm−2) that was able to achieve a very high specific power of 8.4 W mgPGM−1 (12.6 W mgPt−1).
format	article
author	Horie Adabi Pietro Giovanni Santori Abolfazl Shakouri Xiong Peng Karam Yassin Igal G. Rasin Simon Brandon Dario R. Dekel Noor Ul Hassan Moulay-Tahar Sougrati Andrea Zitolo John R. Varcoe John R. Regalbuto Frédéric Jaouen William E. Mustain
author_facet	Horie Adabi Pietro Giovanni Santori Abolfazl Shakouri Xiong Peng Karam Yassin Igal G. Rasin Simon Brandon Dario R. Dekel Noor Ul Hassan Moulay-Tahar Sougrati Andrea Zitolo John R. Varcoe John R. Regalbuto Frédéric Jaouen William E. Mustain
author_sort	Horie Adabi
title	Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
title_short	Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
title_full	Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
title_fullStr	Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
title_full_unstemmed	Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
title_sort	understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of pgm-free fe–n–c cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/51533d1cf99b4e6cb3e3a0b659d5a4ee
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Understanding how single-atom site density drives the performance and durability of PGM-free Fe–N–C cathodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells

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