Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.

<h4>Background</h4>Carbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ra...

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Autores principales:	Michelle Blumfield, Andrew McConnell, Tim Cassettari, Peter Petocz, Molly Warner, Vanessa Campos, Kim-Anne Lê, Kaori Minehira, Skye Marshall, Flavia Fayet-Moore
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/519afdf5f98c4faaa612719f946598a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:519afdf5f98c4faaa612719f946598a42021-12-02T20:15:33ZBalanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253582https://doaj.org/article/519afdf5f98c4faaa612719f946598a42021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253582https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Carbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality, and ii) model the impact of substituting carbohydrate foods that meet the proposed ratios in place of foods that do not, on nutrient intakes.<h4>Design</h4>A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.<h4>Participants/setting</h4>National data from participants aged 2 years and older (n = 12,153).<h4>Main outcome measures</h4>Ratios were defined as (i) simple ratio, 10:1 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber); (ii) modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber:≤2g free sugars); and (iii) dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber & ≤2g free sugars per 1g dietary fiber). Ratios were compared to nutrient intakes obtained via automated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality calculated using the Australian Healthy Eating Index.<h4>Statistical analyses performed</h4>Substitution dietary modelling was performed. Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests.<h4>Results</h4>Ratio adherence was highest for simple (50.2% adults; 28.6% children), followed by dual (40.6% adults; 21.7% children), then modified (32.7% adults; 18.6% children) ratios. Participants who met any ratio reported higher nutrient intake and diet quality compared to those who failed to meet the respective ratio (P < .001 for all), with the greatest nutrient intakes found for those who met modified or dual ratios. Dietary modelling improved nutrient intakes for all ratios, with the greatest improvement found for the dual ratio.<h4>Conclusions</h4>All carbohydrate ratios were associated with higher diet quality, with a free sugars constraint in the dual ratio providing the greatest improvements.Michelle BlumfieldAndrew McConnellTim CassettariPeter PetoczMolly WarnerVanessa CamposKim-Anne LêKaori MinehiraSkye MarshallFlavia Fayet-MoorePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0253582 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michelle Blumfield Andrew McConnell Tim Cassettari Peter Petocz Molly Warner Vanessa Campos Kim-Anne Lê Kaori Minehira Skye Marshall Flavia Fayet-Moore Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Carbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>The objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality, and ii) model the impact of substituting carbohydrate foods that meet the proposed ratios in place of foods that do not, on nutrient intakes.<h4>Design</h4>A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.<h4>Participants/setting</h4>National data from participants aged 2 years and older (n = 12,153).<h4>Main outcome measures</h4>Ratios were defined as (i) simple ratio, 10:1 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber); (ii) modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber:≤2g free sugars); and (iii) dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber & ≤2g free sugars per 1g dietary fiber). Ratios were compared to nutrient intakes obtained via automated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality calculated using the Australian Healthy Eating Index.<h4>Statistical analyses performed</h4>Substitution dietary modelling was performed. Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests.<h4>Results</h4>Ratio adherence was highest for simple (50.2% adults; 28.6% children), followed by dual (40.6% adults; 21.7% children), then modified (32.7% adults; 18.6% children) ratios. Participants who met any ratio reported higher nutrient intake and diet quality compared to those who failed to meet the respective ratio (P < .001 for all), with the greatest nutrient intakes found for those who met modified or dual ratios. Dietary modelling improved nutrient intakes for all ratios, with the greatest improvement found for the dual ratio.<h4>Conclusions</h4>All carbohydrate ratios were associated with higher diet quality, with a free sugars constraint in the dual ratio providing the greatest improvements.
format	article
author	Michelle Blumfield Andrew McConnell Tim Cassettari Peter Petocz Molly Warner Vanessa Campos Kim-Anne Lê Kaori Minehira Skye Marshall Flavia Fayet-Moore
author_facet	Michelle Blumfield Andrew McConnell Tim Cassettari Peter Petocz Molly Warner Vanessa Campos Kim-Anne Lê Kaori Minehira Skye Marshall Flavia Fayet-Moore
author_sort	Michelle Blumfield
title	Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
title_short	Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
title_full	Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
title_fullStr	Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
title_full_unstemmed	Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
title_sort	balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in australia: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/519afdf5f98c4faaa612719f946598a4
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Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.

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