Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure

Muscle deconditioning is a major consequence of a wide range of conditions from spaceflight to a sedentary lifestyle, and occurs as a result of muscle inactivity, leading to a rapid decrease in muscle strength, mass, and oxidative capacity. The early changes that appear in the first days of inactivi...

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Autores principales:	Théo Fovet, Corentin Guilhot, Laurence Stevens, Valérie Montel, Pierre Delobel, Rémi Roumanille, Michel-Yves Semporé, Damien Freyssenet, Guillaume Py, Thomas Brioche, Angèle Chopard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	spaceflight muscle deconditioning countermeasure thigh cuff dry immersion Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/51bcf257119641029729f4f714cd74b1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:51bcf257119641029729f4f714cd74b12021-11-11T17:27:30ZEarly Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure10.3390/ijms2221120641422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/51bcf257119641029729f4f714cd74b12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/12064https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Muscle deconditioning is a major consequence of a wide range of conditions from spaceflight to a sedentary lifestyle, and occurs as a result of muscle inactivity, leading to a rapid decrease in muscle strength, mass, and oxidative capacity. The early changes that appear in the first days of inactivity must be studied to determine effective methods for the prevention of muscle deconditioning. To evaluate the mechanisms of muscle early changes and the vascular effect of a thigh cuff, a five-day dry immersion (DI) experiment was conducted by the French Space Agency at the MEDES Space Clinic (Rangueil, Toulouse). Eighteen healthy males were recruited and divided into a control group and a thigh cuff group, who wore a thigh cuff at 30 mmHg. All participants underwent five days of DI. Prior to and at the end of the DI, the lower limb maximal strength was measured and muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscle. Five days of DI resulted in muscle deconditioning in both groups. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee extension decreased significantly. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area decreased significantly by 21.8%, and the protein balance seems to be impaired, as shown by the reduced activation of the mTOR pathway. Measurements of skinned muscle fibers supported these results and potential changes in oxidative capacity were highlighted by a decrease in PGC1-α levels. The use of the thigh cuff did not prevent muscle deconditioning or impact muscle function. These results suggest that the major effects of muscle deconditioning occur during the first few days of inactivity, and countermeasures against muscle deconditioning should target this time period. These results are also relevant for the understanding of muscle weakness induced by muscle diseases, aging, and patients in intensive care.Théo FovetCorentin GuilhotLaurence StevensValérie MontelPierre DelobelRémi RoumanilleMichel-Yves SemporéDamien FreyssenetGuillaume PyThomas BriocheAngèle ChopardMDPI AGarticlespaceflightmuscle deconditioningcountermeasurethigh cuffdry immersionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12064, p 12064 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	spaceflight muscle deconditioning countermeasure thigh cuff dry immersion Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	spaceflight muscle deconditioning countermeasure thigh cuff dry immersion Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Théo Fovet Corentin Guilhot Laurence Stevens Valérie Montel Pierre Delobel Rémi Roumanille Michel-Yves Semporé Damien Freyssenet Guillaume Py Thomas Brioche Angèle Chopard Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure
description	Muscle deconditioning is a major consequence of a wide range of conditions from spaceflight to a sedentary lifestyle, and occurs as a result of muscle inactivity, leading to a rapid decrease in muscle strength, mass, and oxidative capacity. The early changes that appear in the first days of inactivity must be studied to determine effective methods for the prevention of muscle deconditioning. To evaluate the mechanisms of muscle early changes and the vascular effect of a thigh cuff, a five-day dry immersion (DI) experiment was conducted by the French Space Agency at the MEDES Space Clinic (Rangueil, Toulouse). Eighteen healthy males were recruited and divided into a control group and a thigh cuff group, who wore a thigh cuff at 30 mmHg. All participants underwent five days of DI. Prior to and at the end of the DI, the lower limb maximal strength was measured and muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscle. Five days of DI resulted in muscle deconditioning in both groups. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee extension decreased significantly. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area decreased significantly by 21.8%, and the protein balance seems to be impaired, as shown by the reduced activation of the mTOR pathway. Measurements of skinned muscle fibers supported these results and potential changes in oxidative capacity were highlighted by a decrease in PGC1-α levels. The use of the thigh cuff did not prevent muscle deconditioning or impact muscle function. These results suggest that the major effects of muscle deconditioning occur during the first few days of inactivity, and countermeasures against muscle deconditioning should target this time period. These results are also relevant for the understanding of muscle weakness induced by muscle diseases, aging, and patients in intensive care.
format	article
author	Théo Fovet Corentin Guilhot Laurence Stevens Valérie Montel Pierre Delobel Rémi Roumanille Michel-Yves Semporé Damien Freyssenet Guillaume Py Thomas Brioche Angèle Chopard
author_facet	Théo Fovet Corentin Guilhot Laurence Stevens Valérie Montel Pierre Delobel Rémi Roumanille Michel-Yves Semporé Damien Freyssenet Guillaume Py Thomas Brioche Angèle Chopard
author_sort	Théo Fovet
title	Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure
title_short	Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure
title_full	Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure
title_fullStr	Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure
title_full_unstemmed	Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure
title_sort	early deconditioning of human skeletal muscles and the effects of a thigh cuff countermeasure
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/51bcf257119641029729f4f714cd74b1
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Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure

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