Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals

Weight loss supplements that have illegal additives of pharmaceutical drugs or analogues have additional health risks, and customers may not be aware of what they are taking. This research is an essential investigation and quantification of illegally added pharmaceuticals or prescription medications...

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Autores principales:	Ammar A. Jairoun, Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari, Moyad Shahwan, Sa’ed H. Zyoud
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	adulteration weight loss supplements undeclared pharmaceutical chemicals adulteration behaviors fluoxetine phenolphthalein sibutramine Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/51f8ea1163844e7bbfc404a3bc0433a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:51f8ea1163844e7bbfc404a3bc0433a42021-11-25T18:28:16ZAdulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals10.3390/molecules262269031420-3049https://doaj.org/article/51f8ea1163844e7bbfc404a3bc0433a42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6903https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Weight loss supplements that have illegal additives of pharmaceutical drugs or analogues have additional health risks, and customers may not be aware of what they are taking. This research is an essential investigation and quantification of illegally added pharmaceuticals or prescription medications, specifically fluoxetine, phenolphthalein, and sibutramine, in herbal weight loss supplements offered for sale in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this case, 137 weight loss supplements were collected and analyzed in this study. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorption detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS) analyses were used to determine the presence of the pharmaceutical chemicals. Among the weight loss supplements, 15.3% (95% CI: 9.2–21.4) contained undeclared sibutramine, 13.9% (95% CI: 8.01–19.7) contained undeclared phenolphthalein, and 5.1% (95% CI: 1.4–8.8) contained undeclared fluoxetine. Amongst all weight loss supplements, 17.5% (95% CI: 11.07–24) contained significant concentrations of either sibutramine, phenolphthalein, or fluoxetine. Whilst weight loss herbal supplements offered for sale in the UAE have relatively low percentages of undeclared pharmaceuticals, many people take several different supplements daily and may encounter quite high levels of combined exposure to toxic compounds.Ammar A. JairounSabaa Saleh Al-HemyariMoyad ShahwanSa’ed H. ZyoudMDPI AGarticleadulteration weight loss supplementsundeclared pharmaceutical chemicalsadulteration behaviorsfluoxetinephenolphthaleinsibutramineOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6903, p 6903 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adulteration weight loss supplements undeclared pharmaceutical chemicals adulteration behaviors fluoxetine phenolphthalein sibutramine Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	adulteration weight loss supplements undeclared pharmaceutical chemicals adulteration behaviors fluoxetine phenolphthalein sibutramine Organic chemistry QD241-441 Ammar A. Jairoun Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari Moyad Shahwan Sa’ed H. Zyoud Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals
description	Weight loss supplements that have illegal additives of pharmaceutical drugs or analogues have additional health risks, and customers may not be aware of what they are taking. This research is an essential investigation and quantification of illegally added pharmaceuticals or prescription medications, specifically fluoxetine, phenolphthalein, and sibutramine, in herbal weight loss supplements offered for sale in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this case, 137 weight loss supplements were collected and analyzed in this study. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorption detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS) analyses were used to determine the presence of the pharmaceutical chemicals. Among the weight loss supplements, 15.3% (95% CI: 9.2–21.4) contained undeclared sibutramine, 13.9% (95% CI: 8.01–19.7) contained undeclared phenolphthalein, and 5.1% (95% CI: 1.4–8.8) contained undeclared fluoxetine. Amongst all weight loss supplements, 17.5% (95% CI: 11.07–24) contained significant concentrations of either sibutramine, phenolphthalein, or fluoxetine. Whilst weight loss herbal supplements offered for sale in the UAE have relatively low percentages of undeclared pharmaceuticals, many people take several different supplements daily and may encounter quite high levels of combined exposure to toxic compounds.
format	article
author	Ammar A. Jairoun Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari Moyad Shahwan Sa’ed H. Zyoud
author_facet	Ammar A. Jairoun Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari Moyad Shahwan Sa’ed H. Zyoud
author_sort	Ammar A. Jairoun
title	Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals
title_short	Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals
title_full	Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals
title_fullStr	Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals
title_full_unstemmed	Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals
title_sort	adulteration of weight loss supplements by the illegal addition of synthetic pharmaceuticals
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/51f8ea1163844e7bbfc404a3bc0433a4
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Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals

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