Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism

Porous sustainable cellulose/gelatin/sepiolite gel beads were fabricated via an efficient ‘hydrophilic assembly–floating droplet’ two-step method to remove Congo red (CR) from wastewater. The beads comprised microcrystalline cellulose and gelatin, forming a dual network framework, and sepiolite, whi...

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Autores principales:	Chenlu Jiao, Die Liu, Nana Wei, Jiannan Gao, Fan Fu, Tao Liu, Jian Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	microcrystalline cellulose gelatin sepiolite beads dye adsorption Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/51f9cf93ebf34ca3aef714ae501ee2cf
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:51f9cf93ebf34ca3aef714ae501ee2cf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:51f9cf93ebf34ca3aef714ae501ee2cf2021-11-25T18:47:59ZEfficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism10.3390/polym132238902073-4360https://doaj.org/article/51f9cf93ebf34ca3aef714ae501ee2cf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3890https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Porous sustainable cellulose/gelatin/sepiolite gel beads were fabricated via an efficient ‘hydrophilic assembly–floating droplet’ two-step method to remove Congo red (CR) from wastewater. The beads comprised microcrystalline cellulose and gelatin, forming a dual network framework, and sepiolite, which acted as a functional component to reinforce the network. The as-prepared gel beads were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA, with the results indicating a highly porous structure that was also thermally stable. A batch adsorption experiment for CR was performed and evaluated as a function of pH, sepiolite addition, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration. The kinetics and isotherm data obtained were in agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum monolayer capacity of 279.3 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> for CR at 303 K. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the dye uptake. Importantly, even when subjected to five regeneration cycles, the gel beads retained 87% of their original adsorption value, suggesting their suitability as an efficient and reusable material for dye wastewater treatments.Chenlu JiaoDie LiuNana WeiJiannan GaoFan FuTao LiuJian WangMDPI AGarticlemicrocrystalline cellulosegelatinsepiolitebeadsdyeadsorptionOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3890, p 3890 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microcrystalline cellulose gelatin sepiolite beads dye adsorption Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	microcrystalline cellulose gelatin sepiolite beads dye adsorption Organic chemistry QD241-441 Chenlu Jiao Die Liu Nana Wei Jiannan Gao Fan Fu Tao Liu Jian Wang Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism
description	Porous sustainable cellulose/gelatin/sepiolite gel beads were fabricated via an efficient ‘hydrophilic assembly–floating droplet’ two-step method to remove Congo red (CR) from wastewater. The beads comprised microcrystalline cellulose and gelatin, forming a dual network framework, and sepiolite, which acted as a functional component to reinforce the network. The as-prepared gel beads were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA, with the results indicating a highly porous structure that was also thermally stable. A batch adsorption experiment for CR was performed and evaluated as a function of pH, sepiolite addition, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration. The kinetics and isotherm data obtained were in agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum monolayer capacity of 279.3 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> for CR at 303 K. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the dye uptake. Importantly, even when subjected to five regeneration cycles, the gel beads retained 87% of their original adsorption value, suggesting their suitability as an efficient and reusable material for dye wastewater treatments.
format	article
author	Chenlu Jiao Die Liu Nana Wei Jiannan Gao Fan Fu Tao Liu Jian Wang
author_facet	Chenlu Jiao Die Liu Nana Wei Jiannan Gao Fan Fu Tao Liu Jian Wang
author_sort	Chenlu Jiao
title	Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism
title_short	Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism
title_full	Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism
title_fullStr	Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed	Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism
title_sort	efficient congo red removal using porous cellulose/gelatin/sepiolite gel beads: assembly, characterization, and adsorption mechanism
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/51f9cf93ebf34ca3aef714ae501ee2cf
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_version_	1718410710991503360

Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism

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