Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer affecting humans. The combination of the increasing incidence and high mortality in advanced stages of the disease, defines cSCC as an emerging public health problem. Advanced disease includes metastatic and locally advanced...

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Autores principales:	Gabriella Brancaccio, Maria Concetta Fargnoli, Giulia Briatico, Cristina Pellegrini, Tea Rocco, Elvira Moscarella
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Mattioli1885 2021
Materias:	advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma risk factors prognostic factors recurrence metastasis Dermatology RL1-803
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/51ff7d12c8844339943ddee011926ee0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:51ff7d12c8844339943ddee011926ee02021-11-17T08:27:37ZRisk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma10.5826/dpc.11S2a166S2160-9381https://doaj.org/article/51ff7d12c8844339943ddee011926ee02021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dpcj.org/index.php/dpc/article/view/1944https://doaj.org/toc/2160-9381 Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer affecting humans. The combination of the increasing incidence and high mortality in advanced stages of the disease, defines cSCC as an emerging public health problem. Advanced disease includes metastatic and locally advanced cSCC. Metastatic disease refers to the presence of locoregional metastasis (in transit or to regional lymph nodes) or distant metastasis. Locally advanced disease has been defined as non-metastatic cSCC that is unlikely to be cured with surgery, radiotherapy, or combination treatment. While metastatic cSCC is easily diagnosed, locally advanced disease lacks consensus definition and diagnosis is made after multidisciplinary board consultation. Identifying patients with aggressive cSCC at highest risk for relapse may prevent the occurrence of advanced disease. Prognostic factors suggested by most guidelines include tumor diameter (>2 cm), localization on temple/ear/lip/area, thickness (>6 mm), or invasion beyond subcutaneous fat, poor grade of differentiation, desmoplasia, perineural invasion, bone erosion, immunosuppression, undefined borders, recurrence, growth rate, site of prior radiotherapy, and lymphatic or vascular involvement. Although risk factors associated with worse outcomes are well known, there is still a gap of knowledge on the precise risk of each factor taken individually. The aim of this review is to summarize cSCC prognostic factors and encompass the various staging systems to guide management and follow-up in cSCC patients at higher risk for local recurrence and metastasis. Finally, we describe the hallmarks of the advanced disease. Advanced cSCC diagnosis should be made by a multidisciplinary board considering patients’ performance status and disease characteristics Gabriella BrancaccioMaria Concetta FargnoliGiulia BriaticoCristina PellegriniTea RoccoElvira MoscarellaMattioli1885articleadvanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomarisk factorsprognostic factorsrecurrencemetastasisDermatologyRL1-803ENDermatology Practical & Conceptual, Vol 11, Iss S2 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma risk factors prognostic factors recurrence metastasis Dermatology RL1-803
spellingShingle	advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma risk factors prognostic factors recurrence metastasis Dermatology RL1-803 Gabriella Brancaccio Maria Concetta Fargnoli Giulia Briatico Cristina Pellegrini Tea Rocco Elvira Moscarella Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
description	Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer affecting humans. The combination of the increasing incidence and high mortality in advanced stages of the disease, defines cSCC as an emerging public health problem. Advanced disease includes metastatic and locally advanced cSCC. Metastatic disease refers to the presence of locoregional metastasis (in transit or to regional lymph nodes) or distant metastasis. Locally advanced disease has been defined as non-metastatic cSCC that is unlikely to be cured with surgery, radiotherapy, or combination treatment. While metastatic cSCC is easily diagnosed, locally advanced disease lacks consensus definition and diagnosis is made after multidisciplinary board consultation. Identifying patients with aggressive cSCC at highest risk for relapse may prevent the occurrence of advanced disease. Prognostic factors suggested by most guidelines include tumor diameter (>2 cm), localization on temple/ear/lip/area, thickness (>6 mm), or invasion beyond subcutaneous fat, poor grade of differentiation, desmoplasia, perineural invasion, bone erosion, immunosuppression, undefined borders, recurrence, growth rate, site of prior radiotherapy, and lymphatic or vascular involvement. Although risk factors associated with worse outcomes are well known, there is still a gap of knowledge on the precise risk of each factor taken individually. The aim of this review is to summarize cSCC prognostic factors and encompass the various staging systems to guide management and follow-up in cSCC patients at higher risk for local recurrence and metastasis. Finally, we describe the hallmarks of the advanced disease. Advanced cSCC diagnosis should be made by a multidisciplinary board considering patients’ performance status and disease characteristics
format	article
author	Gabriella Brancaccio Maria Concetta Fargnoli Giulia Briatico Cristina Pellegrini Tea Rocco Elvira Moscarella
author_facet	Gabriella Brancaccio Maria Concetta Fargnoli Giulia Briatico Cristina Pellegrini Tea Rocco Elvira Moscarella
author_sort	Gabriella Brancaccio
title	Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_short	Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_full	Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_fullStr	Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed	Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_sort	risk factors and diagnosis of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
publisher	Mattioli1885
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/51ff7d12c8844339943ddee011926ee0
work_keys_str_mv	AT gabriellabrancaccio riskfactorsanddiagnosisofadvancedcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinoma AT mariaconcettafargnoli riskfactorsanddiagnosisofadvancedcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinoma AT giuliabriatico riskfactorsanddiagnosisofadvancedcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinoma AT cristinapellegrini riskfactorsanddiagnosisofadvancedcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinoma AT tearocco riskfactorsanddiagnosisofadvancedcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinoma AT elviramoscarella riskfactorsanddiagnosisofadvancedcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinoma
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Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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