Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships

Space radiobiology is an interdisciplinary science that examines the biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans involved in aerospace missions. The dose-effect models are one of the relevant topics of space radiobiology. Their knowledge is crucial for optimizing radioprotection strategies (e...

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Autores principales:	Lidia Strigari, Silvia Strolin, Alessio Giuseppe Morganti, Alessandro Bartoloni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	human space exploration galactic cosmic radiation galactic cosmic radiation effects space radiobiology space radiation doses dose-effect model Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5206af89567240449b98b9d5b0222dc7
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:5206af89567240449b98b9d5b0222dc7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5206af89567240449b98b9d5b0222dc72021-11-08T05:55:26ZDose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships2296-256510.3389/fpubh.2021.733337https://doaj.org/article/5206af89567240449b98b9d5b0222dc72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.733337/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565Space radiobiology is an interdisciplinary science that examines the biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans involved in aerospace missions. The dose-effect models are one of the relevant topics of space radiobiology. Their knowledge is crucial for optimizing radioprotection strategies (e.g., spaceship and lunar space station-shielding and lunar/Mars village design), the risk assessment of the health hazard related to human space exploration, and reducing damages induced to astronauts from galactic cosmic radiation. Dose-effect relationships describe the observed damages to normal tissues or cancer induction during and after space flights. They are developed for the various dose ranges and radiation qualities characterizing the actual and the forecast space missions [International Space Station (ISS) and solar system exploration]. Based on a Pubmed search including 53 papers reporting the collected dose-effect relationships after space missions or in ground simulations, 7 significant dose-effect relationships (e.g., eye flashes, cataract, central nervous systems, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chromosomal aberrations, and biomarkers) have been identified. For each considered effect, the absorbed dose thresholds and the uncertainties/limitations of the developed relationships are summarized and discussed. The current knowledge on this topic can benefit from further in vitro and in vivo radiobiological studies, an accurate characterization of the quality of space radiation, and the numerous experimental dose-effects data derived from the experience in the clinical use of ionizing radiation for diagnostic or treatments with doses similar to those foreseen for the future space missions. The growing number of pooled studies could improve the prediction ability of dose-effect relationships for space exposure and reduce their uncertainty level. Novel research in the field is of paramount importance to reduce damages to astronauts from cosmic radiation before Beyond Low Earth Orbit exploration in the next future. The study aims at providing an overview of the published dose-effect relationships and illustrates novel perspectives to inspire future research.Lidia StrigariSilvia StrolinAlessio Giuseppe MorgantiAlessandro BartoloniFrontiers Media S.A.articlehuman space explorationgalactic cosmic radiationgalactic cosmic radiation effectsspace radiobiologyspace radiation dosesdose-effect modelPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENFrontiers in Public Health, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	human space exploration galactic cosmic radiation galactic cosmic radiation effects space radiobiology space radiation doses dose-effect model Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	human space exploration galactic cosmic radiation galactic cosmic radiation effects space radiobiology space radiation doses dose-effect model Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Lidia Strigari Silvia Strolin Alessio Giuseppe Morganti Alessandro Bartoloni Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships
description	Space radiobiology is an interdisciplinary science that examines the biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans involved in aerospace missions. The dose-effect models are one of the relevant topics of space radiobiology. Their knowledge is crucial for optimizing radioprotection strategies (e.g., spaceship and lunar space station-shielding and lunar/Mars village design), the risk assessment of the health hazard related to human space exploration, and reducing damages induced to astronauts from galactic cosmic radiation. Dose-effect relationships describe the observed damages to normal tissues or cancer induction during and after space flights. They are developed for the various dose ranges and radiation qualities characterizing the actual and the forecast space missions [International Space Station (ISS) and solar system exploration]. Based on a Pubmed search including 53 papers reporting the collected dose-effect relationships after space missions or in ground simulations, 7 significant dose-effect relationships (e.g., eye flashes, cataract, central nervous systems, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chromosomal aberrations, and biomarkers) have been identified. For each considered effect, the absorbed dose thresholds and the uncertainties/limitations of the developed relationships are summarized and discussed. The current knowledge on this topic can benefit from further in vitro and in vivo radiobiological studies, an accurate characterization of the quality of space radiation, and the numerous experimental dose-effects data derived from the experience in the clinical use of ionizing radiation for diagnostic or treatments with doses similar to those foreseen for the future space missions. The growing number of pooled studies could improve the prediction ability of dose-effect relationships for space exposure and reduce their uncertainty level. Novel research in the field is of paramount importance to reduce damages to astronauts from cosmic radiation before Beyond Low Earth Orbit exploration in the next future. The study aims at providing an overview of the published dose-effect relationships and illustrates novel perspectives to inspire future research.
format	article
author	Lidia Strigari Silvia Strolin Alessio Giuseppe Morganti Alessandro Bartoloni
author_facet	Lidia Strigari Silvia Strolin Alessio Giuseppe Morganti Alessandro Bartoloni
author_sort	Lidia Strigari
title	Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships
title_short	Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships
title_full	Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships
title_fullStr	Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships
title_full_unstemmed	Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships
title_sort	dose-effects models for space radiobiology: an overview on dose-effect relationships
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5206af89567240449b98b9d5b0222dc7
work_keys_str_mv	AT lidiastrigari doseeffectsmodelsforspaceradiobiologyanoverviewondoseeffectrelationships AT silviastrolin doseeffectsmodelsforspaceradiobiologyanoverviewondoseeffectrelationships AT alessiogiuseppemorganti doseeffectsmodelsforspaceradiobiologyanoverviewondoseeffectrelationships AT alessandrobartoloni doseeffectsmodelsforspaceradiobiologyanoverviewondoseeffectrelationships
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Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships

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