Niche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations

Arsenic (As) bioavailability in the rice rhizosphere is influenced by many microbial interactions, particularly by metal-transforming functional groups at the root-soil interface. This study was conducted to examine As-transforming microbes and As-speciation in the rice rhizosphere compartments, in...

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Autores principales:	Anil C. Somenahally, Richard H. Loeppert, Jizhong Zhou, Terry J. Gentry
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	arsenic methylating bacteria arsenate reducing bacteria arsenic speciation taxonomic classification functional redundancy Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5216f773d7ad4d0d83e099d729ac1a0b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5216f773d7ad4d0d83e099d729ac1a0b2021-11-05T14:32:22ZNiche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.736751https://doaj.org/article/5216f773d7ad4d0d83e099d729ac1a0b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.736751/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XArsenic (As) bioavailability in the rice rhizosphere is influenced by many microbial interactions, particularly by metal-transforming functional groups at the root-soil interface. This study was conducted to examine As-transforming microbes and As-speciation in the rice rhizosphere compartments, in response to two different water management practices (continuous and intermittently flooded), established on fields with high to low soil-As concentration. Microbial functional gene composition in the rhizosphere and root-plaque compartments were characterized using the GeoChip 4.0 microarray. Arsenic speciation and concentrations were analyzed in the rhizosphere soil, root-plaque, pore water, and grain samples. Results confirmed several As-biotransformation processes in the rice rhizosphere compartments, and distinct assemblage of As-reducing and methylating bacteria was observed between the root-plaque and rhizosphere. Results confirmed higher potential for microbial As-reduction and As-methylation in continuously flooded, long term As-contaminated fields, which accumulated highest concentrations of AsIII and methyl-As concentrations in pore water and rice grains. Water management treatment significantly altered As-speciation in the rhizosphere, and intermittent flooding reduced methyl-As and AsIII concentrations in the pore water, root-plaque and rice grain. Ordination and taxonomic analysis of detected gene-probes indicated that root-plaque and rhizosphere assembled significantly different microbial functional groups demonstrating niche separation. Taxonomic non-redundancy was evident, suggesting that As-reduction, -oxidation and -methylation processes were performed by different microbial functional groups. It was also evident that As transformation was coupled to different biogeochemical cycling processes (nutrient assimilation, carbon metabolism etc.) in the compartments and between treatments, revealing functional non-redundancy of rice-rhizosphere microbiome in response to local biogeochemical conditions and As contamination. This study provided novel insights on As-biotransformation processes and their implications on As-chemistry at the root-soil interface and their responses to water management, which could be applied for mitigating As-bioavailability and accumulation in rice grains.Anil C. SomenahallyAnil C. SomenahallyRichard H. LoeppertJizhong ZhouTerry J. GentryFrontiers Media S.A.articlearsenic methylating bacteriaarsenate reducing bacteriaarsenic speciationtaxonomic classificationfunctional redundancyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	arsenic methylating bacteria arsenate reducing bacteria arsenic speciation taxonomic classification functional redundancy Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	arsenic methylating bacteria arsenate reducing bacteria arsenic speciation taxonomic classification functional redundancy Microbiology QR1-502 Anil C. Somenahally Anil C. Somenahally Richard H. Loeppert Jizhong Zhou Terry J. Gentry Niche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations
description	Arsenic (As) bioavailability in the rice rhizosphere is influenced by many microbial interactions, particularly by metal-transforming functional groups at the root-soil interface. This study was conducted to examine As-transforming microbes and As-speciation in the rice rhizosphere compartments, in response to two different water management practices (continuous and intermittently flooded), established on fields with high to low soil-As concentration. Microbial functional gene composition in the rhizosphere and root-plaque compartments were characterized using the GeoChip 4.0 microarray. Arsenic speciation and concentrations were analyzed in the rhizosphere soil, root-plaque, pore water, and grain samples. Results confirmed several As-biotransformation processes in the rice rhizosphere compartments, and distinct assemblage of As-reducing and methylating bacteria was observed between the root-plaque and rhizosphere. Results confirmed higher potential for microbial As-reduction and As-methylation in continuously flooded, long term As-contaminated fields, which accumulated highest concentrations of AsIII and methyl-As concentrations in pore water and rice grains. Water management treatment significantly altered As-speciation in the rhizosphere, and intermittent flooding reduced methyl-As and AsIII concentrations in the pore water, root-plaque and rice grain. Ordination and taxonomic analysis of detected gene-probes indicated that root-plaque and rhizosphere assembled significantly different microbial functional groups demonstrating niche separation. Taxonomic non-redundancy was evident, suggesting that As-reduction, -oxidation and -methylation processes were performed by different microbial functional groups. It was also evident that As transformation was coupled to different biogeochemical cycling processes (nutrient assimilation, carbon metabolism etc.) in the compartments and between treatments, revealing functional non-redundancy of rice-rhizosphere microbiome in response to local biogeochemical conditions and As contamination. This study provided novel insights on As-biotransformation processes and their implications on As-chemistry at the root-soil interface and their responses to water management, which could be applied for mitigating As-bioavailability and accumulation in rice grains.
format	article
author	Anil C. Somenahally Anil C. Somenahally Richard H. Loeppert Jizhong Zhou Terry J. Gentry
author_facet	Anil C. Somenahally Anil C. Somenahally Richard H. Loeppert Jizhong Zhou Terry J. Gentry
author_sort	Anil C. Somenahally
title	Niche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations
title_short	Niche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations
title_full	Niche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations
title_fullStr	Niche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations
title_full_unstemmed	Niche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations
title_sort	niche differentiation of arsenic-transforming microbial groups in the rice rhizosphere compartments as impacted by water management and soil-arsenic concentrations
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5216f773d7ad4d0d83e099d729ac1a0b
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Niche Differentiation of Arsenic-Transforming Microbial Groups in the Rice Rhizosphere Compartments as Impacted by Water Management and Soil-Arsenic Concentrations

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