Size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients

Abstract Biomolecular condensates are liquid-like membraneless compartments that contribute to the spatiotemporal organization of proteins, RNA, and other biomolecules inside cells. Some membraneless compartments, such as nucleoli, are dispersed as different condensates that do not grow beyond a cer...

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Autores principales:	Ignacio Sanchez-Burgos, Jerelle A. Joseph, Rosana Collepardo-Guevara, Jorge R. Espinosa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/521a2f5926d8490f959614a9ad5e2782
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:521a2f5926d8490f959614a9ad5e27822021-12-02T16:24:22ZSize conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients10.1038/s41598-021-94309-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/521a2f5926d8490f959614a9ad5e27822021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94309-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Biomolecular condensates are liquid-like membraneless compartments that contribute to the spatiotemporal organization of proteins, RNA, and other biomolecules inside cells. Some membraneless compartments, such as nucleoli, are dispersed as different condensates that do not grow beyond a certain size, or do not present coalescence over time. In this work, using a minimal protein model, we show that phase separation of binary mixtures of scaffolds and low-valency clients that can act as surfactants—i.e., that significantly reduce the droplet surface tension—can yield either a single drop or multiple droplets that conserve their sizes on long timescales (herein ‘multidroplet size-conserved’ scenario’), depending on the scaffold to client ratio. Our simulations demonstrate that protein connectivity and condensate surface tension regulate the balance between these two scenarios. The multidroplet size-conserved scenario spontaneously arises at increasing surfactant-to-scaffold concentrations, when the interfacial penalty for creating small liquid droplets is sufficiently reduced by the surfactant proteins that are preferentially located at the interface. In contrast, low surfactant-to-scaffold concentrations enable continuous growth and fusion of droplets without restrictions. Overall, our work proposes one thermodynamic mechanism to help rationalize how size-conserved coexisting condensates can persist inside cells—shedding light on the roles of protein connectivity, binding affinity, and droplet composition in this process.Ignacio Sanchez-BurgosJerelle A. JosephRosana Collepardo-GuevaraJorge R. EspinosaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ignacio Sanchez-Burgos Jerelle A. Joseph Rosana Collepardo-Guevara Jorge R. Espinosa Size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients
description	Abstract Biomolecular condensates are liquid-like membraneless compartments that contribute to the spatiotemporal organization of proteins, RNA, and other biomolecules inside cells. Some membraneless compartments, such as nucleoli, are dispersed as different condensates that do not grow beyond a certain size, or do not present coalescence over time. In this work, using a minimal protein model, we show that phase separation of binary mixtures of scaffolds and low-valency clients that can act as surfactants—i.e., that significantly reduce the droplet surface tension—can yield either a single drop or multiple droplets that conserve their sizes on long timescales (herein ‘multidroplet size-conserved’ scenario’), depending on the scaffold to client ratio. Our simulations demonstrate that protein connectivity and condensate surface tension regulate the balance between these two scenarios. The multidroplet size-conserved scenario spontaneously arises at increasing surfactant-to-scaffold concentrations, when the interfacial penalty for creating small liquid droplets is sufficiently reduced by the surfactant proteins that are preferentially located at the interface. In contrast, low surfactant-to-scaffold concentrations enable continuous growth and fusion of droplets without restrictions. Overall, our work proposes one thermodynamic mechanism to help rationalize how size-conserved coexisting condensates can persist inside cells—shedding light on the roles of protein connectivity, binding affinity, and droplet composition in this process.
format	article
author	Ignacio Sanchez-Burgos Jerelle A. Joseph Rosana Collepardo-Guevara Jorge R. Espinosa
author_facet	Ignacio Sanchez-Burgos Jerelle A. Joseph Rosana Collepardo-Guevara Jorge R. Espinosa
author_sort	Ignacio Sanchez-Burgos
title	Size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients
title_short	Size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients
title_full	Size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients
title_fullStr	Size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients
title_full_unstemmed	Size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients
title_sort	size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/521a2f5926d8490f959614a9ad5e2782
work_keys_str_mv	AT ignaciosanchezburgos sizeconservationemergesspontaneouslyinbiomolecularcondensatesformedbyscaffoldsandsurfactantclients AT jerelleajoseph sizeconservationemergesspontaneouslyinbiomolecularcondensatesformedbyscaffoldsandsurfactantclients AT rosanacollepardoguevara sizeconservationemergesspontaneouslyinbiomolecularcondensatesformedbyscaffoldsandsurfactantclients AT jorgerespinosa sizeconservationemergesspontaneouslyinbiomolecularcondensatesformedbyscaffoldsandsurfactantclients
_version_	1718384109358678016

Size conservation emerges spontaneously in biomolecular condensates formed by scaffolds and surfactant clients

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