Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease

Serum Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) level is a potential biomarker owing to its association with a number of pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Since cholinergic deficiency is closely linked with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, acetylcholinesterase inhibit...

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Autores principales:	Fauzia Parween, Md. Summon Hossain, Kshetra Pal Singh, Rinkoo Devi Gupta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5223da74d4b046cbad93d5bbb5e1d233
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5223da74d4b046cbad93d5bbb5e1d2332021-11-04T07:42:09ZAssociation between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/5223da74d4b046cbad93d5bbb5e1d2332021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555796/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Serum Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) level is a potential biomarker owing to its association with a number of pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Since cholinergic deficiency is closely linked with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the treatment of choice for patients with AD. However, there is a heterogenous response to these drugs and mostly the subjects do not respond to the treatment. Gene polymorphism, the simultaneous occurrence of two or more discontinuous alleles in a population, could be one of the important factors for this. Hence, we hypothesized that PON2 and its polymorphic forms may be hydrolyzing the AChEIs differently, and thus, different patients respond differently. To investigate this, two AChEIs, donepezil hydrochloride (DHC) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB), were selected. Human PON2 wildtype gene and four mutants, two catalytic sites, and two polymorphic sites were cloned, recombinantly expressed, and purified for in vitro analysis. Enzyme activity and AChE activity were measured to quantitate the amount of DHC and PB hydrolyzed by the wildtype and the mutant proteins. Herein, PON2 esterase activity and AChE inhibitor efficiency were found to be inversely related. A significant difference in enzyme activity of the catalytic site mutants was observed as compared to the wildtype, and subsequent AChE activity showed that esterase activity of PON2 is responsible for the hydrolysis of DHC and PB. Interestingly, PON2 polymorphic site mutants showed increased esterase activity; therefore, this could be the reason for the ineffectiveness of the drugs. Thus, our data suggested that the esterase activity of PON2 was mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of AChEI, DHC, and PB, and that might be responsible for the variation in individual response to AChEI therapy.Fauzia ParweenMd. Summon HossainKshetra Pal SinghRinkoo Devi GuptaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Fauzia Parween Md. Summon Hossain Kshetra Pal Singh Rinkoo Devi Gupta Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease
description	Serum Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) level is a potential biomarker owing to its association with a number of pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Since cholinergic deficiency is closely linked with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the treatment of choice for patients with AD. However, there is a heterogenous response to these drugs and mostly the subjects do not respond to the treatment. Gene polymorphism, the simultaneous occurrence of two or more discontinuous alleles in a population, could be one of the important factors for this. Hence, we hypothesized that PON2 and its polymorphic forms may be hydrolyzing the AChEIs differently, and thus, different patients respond differently. To investigate this, two AChEIs, donepezil hydrochloride (DHC) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB), were selected. Human PON2 wildtype gene and four mutants, two catalytic sites, and two polymorphic sites were cloned, recombinantly expressed, and purified for in vitro analysis. Enzyme activity and AChE activity were measured to quantitate the amount of DHC and PB hydrolyzed by the wildtype and the mutant proteins. Herein, PON2 esterase activity and AChE inhibitor efficiency were found to be inversely related. A significant difference in enzyme activity of the catalytic site mutants was observed as compared to the wildtype, and subsequent AChE activity showed that esterase activity of PON2 is responsible for the hydrolysis of DHC and PB. Interestingly, PON2 polymorphic site mutants showed increased esterase activity; therefore, this could be the reason for the ineffectiveness of the drugs. Thus, our data suggested that the esterase activity of PON2 was mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of AChEI, DHC, and PB, and that might be responsible for the variation in individual response to AChEI therapy.
format	article
author	Fauzia Parween Md. Summon Hossain Kshetra Pal Singh Rinkoo Devi Gupta
author_facet	Fauzia Parween Md. Summon Hossain Kshetra Pal Singh Rinkoo Devi Gupta
author_sort	Fauzia Parween
title	Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease
title_short	Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease
title_full	Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease
title_fullStr	Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease
title_full_unstemmed	Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease
title_sort	association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against alzheimer’s disease
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5223da74d4b046cbad93d5bbb5e1d233
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Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease

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