Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer in Low- and Medium-Income Countries
Background: Genetic and molecular factors can play an important role in an individual’s cancer susceptibility and response to <a title="Learn more about Carcinogens" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/carcinogens">carcinogen</a> exposure...
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Ubiquity Press
2014
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/5230d780c675421da71bda1300675473 |
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| Sumario: | Background: Genetic and molecular factors can play an important role in an individual’s cancer susceptibility and response to <a title="Learn more about Carcinogens" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/carcinogens">carcinogen</a> exposure. Cancer susceptibility and response to carcinogen exposure can be either through inheritance of high penetrance but rare germline mutations that constitute heritable <a title="Learn more about Cancer syndrome" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cancer-syndrome">cancer syndromes</a>, or it can be inherited as common genetic variations or polymorphisms that are associated with low to moderate risk for development of cancer. These polymorphisms can interact with environmental exposures and can influence an individual’s <a title="Learn more about Cancer Risk" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cancer-risk">cancer risk</a> through multiple pathways, including affecting the rate of metabolism of carcinogens or the immune response to these toxins. Thus, these <a title="Learn more about Genetic Polymorphism" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/genetic-polymorphism">genetic polymorphisms</a> can account for some of the geographical differences seen in cancer prevalence between different populations. Objectives: This review explores the role of <a title="Learn more about Molecular epidemiology" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/molecular-epidemiology">molecular epidemiology</a> in the field of cancer prevention and control in low- and medium-income countries. Findings: Using data from Human Genome Project and HapMap Project, <a title="Learn more about Genome-wide association study" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/genome-wide-association-study">genome-wide association studies</a> have been able to identify multiple susceptibility loci for different cancers. The field of genetic and molecular epidemiology has been further revolutionized by the discovery of newer, faster, and more efficient <a title="Learn more about DNA Sequencing" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dna-sequencing">DNA-sequencing</a> technologies including next-generation sequencing. Conclusions: The new DNA-sequencing technologies can play an important role in planning and implementation of cancer prevention and screening strategies. More research is needed in this area, especially in investigating new biomarkers and measuring <a title="Learn more about Gene-environment Interactions" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/gene-environment-interactions">gene-environment interactions</a>. |
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